Farhood Saremi 17 The Tricuspid Valve Apparatus Introduction The tricuspid valve (TV) plays an important role in many pathological states and its abnormality may directly or indirectly influence the morbidity…

Farhood Saremi 7 Pulmonary and Systemic Veins Introduction Intrathoracic veins can be categorized into the systemic and pulmonary veins (PVs). The systemic veins return deoxygenated blood into the right atrium…

Ashley Prosper and Farhood Saremi 10 Diaphragm Introduction The diaphragm is a musculotendinous dome-shaped sheet between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. More than just a geographical boundary between the thoracic…

Gina Cavallo, R. Shane Tubbs, and Farhood Saremi 9 Lymphatics and Nerves of the Thorax Introduction The thorax is an irregular cylinder with a narrow superior opening, the superior thoracic…

Sandy C. Lee 11 Breast Anatomy Introduction Understanding breast anatomy is important to recognizing the disease processes that may occur within the breast. Mammary glands are unique to mammals and…

Cameron Hassani and Farhood Saremi 3 Mediastinum and Thymus Introduction The mediastinum (Latin, media = middle and stare = to stand; i.e., that which stands in the middle) is a…

Farhood Saremi and Hiro Kiyosue 2 Tracheobronchial System Introduction Anatomical knowledge of the trachea, mainstem bronchi, segmental bronchi branch pattern, relationship with neighboring structures and anatomical variants are important for…

Hiro Kiyosue and Miyuki Maruno 6 Pulmonary Artery and Vein Pulmonary Artery The pulmonary trunk (the main pulmonary artery) originates at the base of the right ventricle, and the origin…

Sumuda N. Dissanayake and Farhood Saremi 5 The Pleura Introduction The pleura, derived from the Greek word for side, is the serous membrane that covers the lung parenchyma, mediastinum, diaphragm,…

Leah Lin and Farhood Saremi 4 Lungs Introduction The respiratory tract is divided into upper and lower parts. The upper respiratory tract includes the organs outside the thorax including the…