Leukodystrophies ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY KEY FACTS Most important peroxisomal disorder which is characterized by very long-chain fatty acids that are not metabolized and are elevated in serum and other body fluids. The…

Vascular Malformations ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS KEY FACTS Congenital in nature, generally present in middle age (65% in patients >40 years of age). Very rare, incidence of 1:100,000 individuals. Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)…

Aneurysms ANTERIOR COMMUNICATING (ACOMM) ARTERY ANEURYSMS KEY FACTS Represent 30% to 35% of intracranial aneurysms. Overall incidence of intracranial aneurysms is 2% to 8% of population; risk of bleeding is…

Nontraumatic Hemorrhage ACUTE HYPERTENSIVE HEMORRHAGES KEY FACTS The most common etiologies for all intracerebral hemorrhage include hypertension, ruptured aneurysm or vascular malformation, venous thrombosis, amyloidosis (in patients over 60 years…

Trauma SKULL FRACTURES KEY FACTS Linear fractures or sutural diastases with no underlying brain injury are generally not clinically significant; formation of leptomeningeal cysts and/or herniated brain (“growing fracture”) is…

Medications in Neuroradiology MEDICATIONS FOR CONTRAST MEDIA REACTIONS 1. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) This antihistaminic produces relief of minor allergic reactions but induces drowsiness and anticholinergic effects (therefore, do not use in…