Ovarian malignancy is the fifth most common cause of cancer death in women (after lung, breast, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers). Malignant lesions of the ovaries include primary and secondary neoplasms….

Imaging Methods Ultrasound (US) remains the primary imaging modality to evaluate an adnexal mass. When faced with a known or suspected adnexal mass, there are numerous possibilities to be considered….

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) represents an important cause of acute pelvic pain in women of reproductive age. The incidence of EP has increased more than threefold since the 1970s, likely the…

In the postpartum period, there is resolution of the unique anatomic and physiologic transformation of pregnancy. After delivery of the placenta and neonate, there is vascular redistribution of blood flow;…

The first trimester of pregnancy is a period of tremendous embryonic growth and development. Expectant mothers experience joy and anticipation but also great uncertainty and anxiety because of high failure…

Weakening of the female pelvic floor is a prevalent and debilitating disorder. It results in abnormal descent of the urinary bladder, the uterovaginal vault, and the rectum, resulting in urinary…

A vaginal fistula is a hole in the vagina and an abnormal tract leading to another structure, most commonly the bladder or rectum ( Figure 26-1 ). Vaginal fistulas also…

Essure Tubular Microinserts The Essure microinsert (Conceptus Inc, San Carlos, CA) is a relatively new method for achieving permanent contraception in women. This technique is rapidly gaining favor with patients…

Retained products of conception (POCs) can occur after spontaneous or induced abortion and after delivery. They represent one of the most common reasons for presentation and hospital referral in the…

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a term for an interrelated group of uncommon conditions derived from gestational placental trophoblasts. GTD affects women during their reproductive years. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN)…