PET/CT Imaging of Inflammation and Calcification in CAVD: Clinical Studies
where SUV is the standardised uptake value over t, t is the time of measurement, c is the radioactivity of the tissue within the region of interest, a is the…
RESPIRATORY IMAGING
Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of Endothelial Cell Activation and Damage in Atherosclerosis
Fig. 2.1 Images obtained by mechanical 3-D acquisition. The top panel represents 3-D imaging of a plaque phantom with corresponding x-, y-, and z-plane sample acquisitions at the plaque level….
Pathobiology and Optical Molecular Imaging of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease
Fig. 9.1 Structure and function of the aortic valve. (a) Pressure generated in the left ventricle during systolic contraction forces the aortic valve leaflets into the aorta, allowing blood to…
Pathobiology and Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis
Fig. 1.1 Leukocyte adhesion cascade. Leukocytes are attracted by chemokines and recruited by activated endothelial cells. Leukocyte rolling is mediated by selectins, activation is mediated by chemokines, and arrest is…
Intravascular Molecular Imaging of Proteolytic Activity
Fig. 4.1 Stable and unstable human coronary artery atherosclerotic plaque histopathology. Example cross-sectional photomicrographs from human coronary artery autopsy specimens with mild to severe luminal stenosis demonstrating plaque rupture, prototypical…
Clinical Feasibility and Monitoring of the Effects of Anti-inflammatory Therapy in Atherosclerosis
Interventions Dose (mg) Active comparator Follow-upmonths ∆LDL-C(%) ∆HDL-C(%) Target vessels Referencenumber Simvastatin 5–20 Diet management 3 −29.5 +14.9 Aorta, carotid arteries [19] Atorvastatin 20 Atorvastatin 5 mg 6 −38.5 +13.5…
Ultrasound Imaging of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease
Fig. 11.1 Normal trileaflet aortic valve in parasternal long-axis view (a) and parasternal short-axis view (b). Severe calcific aortic valve disease is shown at the bottom panels (c, d) from…
Imaging of Complications in Atherosclerosis: Thrombosis and Platelet Aggregation
Fig. 8.1 Types of fluorescent imaging agents 8.3.2 Fluorescent Protein Information about various biological processes and functions (e.g., specific cell types, enzymatic reactions, molecule distribution) can be directly obtained…
Molecular Imaging of Oxidation-Specific Epitopes to Detect High-Risk Atherosclerotic Plaques
Fig. 6.1 Representations of well-characterized oxidation-specific epitopes and antibodies. Oxidation-specific antibodies recognize protein and lipid epitopes on oxidized LDL (OxLDL). These epitopes include malondialdehyde (MDA), phosphocholine-containing oxidized phospholipids (PC-OxPL), and…
Optical Molecular Imaging of Inflammation and Calcification in Atherosclerosis
Fig. 5.1 Molecular imaging of endothelial VCAM-1 expression. A VCAM-1-targeted NIRF probe shows co-localization with VCAM-1 staining by immunohistochemistry in mouse aorta. This signal is also associated with CD31 expression,…
