Baker Cyst
KEY FACTS Terminology • Synonym: Popliteal cyst Imaging • Fluid distention of semimembranosus-medial gastrocnemius bursa • C-shaped cyst usually anechoic, thin walled, and well defined • Isoechoic or hyperechoic material…
ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Intrauterine Device
KEY FACTS Terminology • 2 types of intrauterine devices (IUDs) in USA ○ Copper containing ○ Levonorgestrel releasing • Device inserted into endometrial cavity to prevent pregnancy • T-shaped polyethylene…
Endometrial Carcinoma
KEY FACTS Imaging • Transvaginal sonography study of choice for initial work-up of abnormal vaginal bleeding • Endometrial thickening: Focal more suspicious than diffuse • Polypoid masses with internal color…
Tuboovarian Abscess
KEY FACTS Terminology • Spectrum of disease, including endometritis, salpingitis, tuboovarian abscess (TOA), and oophoritis Imaging • Transvaginal US is 1st-line modality • Early disease may be subtle • Pyosalpinx:…
Endometrial Polyp
KEY FACTS Terminology • Focal hyperplastic overgrowth of endometrial tissue Imaging • Pedunculated or sessile endometrial lesion, solitary or multiple (20%) • Echogenic lesion during proliferative phase • May be…
Holoprosencephaly
KEY FACTS Terminology • Alobar holoprosencephaly (HPE) implies complete or nearly complete lack of cerebral hemisphere separation Imaging • 1st trimester: Absent butterfly sign ○ Both choroids normally seen as…
Jugular Vein Thrombosis
KEY FACTS Terminology • Chronic internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombosis (> 10 days after acute event) where clot persists within lumen after soft tissue inflammation is gone • JV thrombophlebitis:…
Uterine Anomalies
KEY FACTS Terminology • Müllerian duct anomalies (MDA): Series of uterine malformations resulting from abnormal development, fusion, or resorption of müllerian ducts • MDA types ○ Müllerian agenesis or hypoplasia…
Ovarian Metastases Including Krukenberg Tumor
KEY FACTS Terminology • Secondary (metastatic) neoplasms to ovary • Krukenberg tumor: Subtype of metastatic tumors containing > 10% mucin-filled signet cells in cellular stroma • High-stage mucinous tumors involving…
