Renal Artery Disease
Key Point ▪ With careful technique and adherence to a comprehensive duplex protocol, ultrasound assessment of the renal arteries is feasible. ▪ Patient preparation is important. ▪ Knowledge of anatomic variants…
ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Venous Disease of the Lower Extremity
Key Points ▪ Knowledge of normal and variant anatomy of the lower extremity venous vasculature is critical. ▪ A standardized and comprehensive duplex examination protocol is critical. ▪ Knowledge of…
Venous Disease of the Upper Extremity
Key Points ▪ Knowledge of normal and variant anatomy of the upper extremity venous vasculature is critical. ▪ A standardized and comprehensive duplex examination protocol is critical. ▪ Knowledge of…
Upper Extremity Arterial Disease
Key Points ▪ Knowledge of normal and variant anatomy of the upper extremity arterial vasculature is critical. ▪ A standardized and comprehensive duplex examination protocol is critical. ▪ Knowledge of…
The Abdominal Aorta
Key Points ▪ The abdominal aorta is principally subject to aneurysmal disease in its infrarenal portion, to occlusive disease in its distal portion, and to dissection extending from thoracic aortic…
Arteriovenous Fistulas
Key Points ▪ An arteriovenous fistula typically lies closer to the skin surface than the native vessel and is therefore more likely to be easily compressed by the probe during…
Technical Issues in Vascular Ultrasound
Key Points ▪ Maximizing and easing optimal image acquisition is achieved by: ▪ Integration of knowledge of anatomy, disease, machine factors, and scanning technique ▪ Effort and persistence Basic Guidelines…
Sonographic techniques in the transplant patient
Outline Who Needs a Transplant? History and Criteria for Liver Transplantation History and Criteria for Renal Transplantation History and Criteria for Pancreatic Transplantation Liver Transplant Surgical Technique of the Liver…
Sonography of the second and third trimesters
Outline A Suggested Protocol Equipment and Practices Initial Steps and Examination Overview Fetal Presentation Fetal Anatomy of the Second and Third Trimesters The Cranium The Face The Vertebral Column The…
Fetal echocardiography: Congenital heart disease
Outline Relationship of Genetics to Congenital Heart Disease Chromosomal Abnormalities Familial Risks of Congenital Heart Disease Incidence of Congenital Heart Disease Prenatal Evaluation of Congenital Heart Disease The Four-Chamber View…