Peritoneal Cavity
TERMINOLOGY Definitions • Peritoneal cavity: Potential space in abdomen between visceral and parietal peritoneum, usually containing only small amount of peritoneal fluid (for lubrication) • Abdominal cavity: Not synonymous with…
ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Hydronephrosis
KEY FACTS Terminology • Dilation of renal collecting (pelvicalyceal) system ± ureteral dilation from intrinsic or extrinsic cause • Renal collecting system dilation, pelvicalyceal dilatation, pelvocaliectasis Imaging • Dilated intercommunicating…
Ureteral Ectopia
KEY FACTS Terminology • Strict definition: Ureter not inserting into bladder trigone • Common usage: Ureter terminating outside bladder Imaging • 70-80% have complete ureteral duplication, 5-17% bilateral • Intravesicular…
Horseshoe Kidney
KEY FACTS Terminology • Congenital anomaly in which kidneys are fused at their lower poles in midline Imaging • Kidneys on opposite sides with lower poles fused in midline ○…
Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma
KEY FACTS Terminology • Solid epithelial neoplasm from ductal epithelium of exocrine pancreas Imaging • US often 1st-line imaging to evaluate obstructive jaundice and level of obstruction ○ Not as…
Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis
KEY FACTS Imaging • Color, power, spectral Doppler US is screening modality for transplant renal artery stenosis • Stenosis occurs most commonly at arterial anastomosis but can occur along length…
Transplant Renal Artery Thrombosis
KEY FACTS Terminology • Occlusion of transplant renal artery secondary to thrombus Imaging • Edematous hypoechoic kidney if total thrombosis • Absence of blood flow in main renal artery •…
Renal Vein Thrombosis
KEY FACTS Terminology • Clot formation in renal vein Imaging • Unilateral > bilateral • Kidney enlarged acutely in 75% cases • Renal vein dilated acutely • Possible inferior vena…
