GROSS ANATOMY Divisions • Esophagus ○ Cervical and thoracic segments • Stomach ○ Hollow muscular organ between esophagus and small intestine ○ Location: Intraperitoneal, in left upper quadrant, bordered superiorly…

KEY FACTS Terminology • Dilation of renal collecting (pelvicalyceal) system ± ureteral dilation from intrinsic or extrinsic cause • Renal collecting system dilation, pelvicalyceal dilatation, pelvocaliectasis Imaging • Dilated intercommunicating…

KEY FACTS Terminology • Strict definition: Ureter not inserting into bladder trigone • Common usage: Ureter terminating outside bladder Imaging • 70-80% have complete ureteral duplication, 5-17% bilateral • Intravesicular…

KEY FACTS Terminology • Congenital anomaly in which kidneys are fused at their lower poles in midline Imaging • Kidneys on opposite sides with lower poles fused in midline ○…

KEY FACTS Terminology • Solid epithelial neoplasm from ductal epithelium of exocrine pancreas Imaging • US often 1st-line imaging to evaluate obstructive jaundice and level of obstruction ○ Not as…

KEY FACTS Imaging • Color, power, spectral Doppler US is screening modality for transplant renal artery stenosis • Stenosis occurs most commonly at arterial anastomosis but can occur along length…

KEY FACTS Terminology • Occlusion of transplant renal artery secondary to thrombus Imaging • Edematous hypoechoic kidney if total thrombosis • Absence of blood flow in main renal artery •…

KEY FACTS Terminology • Clot formation in renal vein Imaging • Unilateral > bilateral • Kidney enlarged acutely in 75% cases • Renal vein dilated acutely • Possible inferior vena…

KEY FACTS Terminology • Abnormal accumulation of fluid within peritoneal cavity Imaging • Free-flowing fluid insinuates itself between organs & is shaped by surrounding structures • Fluid collects in most…

KEY FACTS Imaging • Usually small and round, may be wedge-shaped • Usually cortical; rarely disrupting renal contour or capsule ○ Large, exophytic metastases may be encountered • Hypoechoic, hyperechoic,…