Urolithiasis
KEY FACTS Terminology • Urinary tract stone, urinary calculous disease, nephrolithiasis, ureterolithiasis, vesicolithiasis • Macroscopic concretions of crystals in urinary system, sometimes mixed with proteins Imaging • US has 96%…
ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Mucinous Cystic Pancreatic Tumor
KEY FACTS Terminology • Synonyms: Mucinous cystic neoplasm, macrocystic cystadenoma/carcinoma, mucinous cystadenoma/carcinoma • Septated cystic neoplasm composed of mucin-producing epithelium and distinctive ovarian-type stroma, ranging in grade from potentially malignant…
Bladder Carcinoma
KEY FACTS Terminology • Malignant tumor of bladder [95% transitional cell (urothelial) carcinoma] Imaging • Focal bladder wall thickening with intraluminal extension as mass • Grayscale US: Immobile polypoidal or…
Renal Transplant Arteriovenous (AV) Fistula
KEY FACTS Terminology • Abnormal direct communication between artery and vein Imaging • Usually in renal parenchyma; may be extrarenal • Not usually visible when small • Large arteriovenous fistulas:…
Serous Cystadenoma of Pancreas
KEY FACTS Terminology • Synonyms: Pancreatic serous cystic neoplasm, microcystic adenoma of pancreas Imaging • Commonly in body and tail; 30% in pancreatic head • Variable size; mean: 4.9 cm…
Pyonephrosis
KEY FACTS Terminology • Obstructed renal collecting system containing pus or infected urine Imaging • Presence of mobile debris and layering of low-amplitude echoes within dilated collecting system on US…
Renal Metastases
KEY FACTS Imaging • Usually small and round, may be wedge-shaped • Usually cortical; rarely disrupting renal contour or capsule ○ Large, exophytic metastases may be encountered • Hypoechoic, hyperechoic,…
Nephrocalcinosis
KEY FACTS Terminology • Medullary nephrocalcinosis (NC), cortical NC • Calcification of renal parenchyma Imaging • Medullary NC: Generalized increased echogenicity of renal pyramids with reversal of normal corticomedullary differentiation ±…
Recurrent Pyogenic Cholangitis
KEY FACTS Terminology • Recurrent episodes of acute pyogenic cholangitis with intra- and extrahepatic biliary pigment stones • Synonyms: Hepatolithiasis, oriental cholangiohepatitis Imaging • Intra- and extrahepatic biliary ductal dilatations…
Renal Infarct
KEY FACTS Terminology • Global or focal renal hypoperfusion → tissue ischemia and eventually, parenchymal loss Imaging • Sonographic diagnosis is difficult; evaluation by CT/MR more common • ± alteration…
