KEY FACTS Terminology • Primary: Involvement of kidneys without evidence of other organ or nodal involvement; extremely rare: < 1% • Secondary: Dissemination of extrarenal lymphoma; more common Imaging •…

KEY FACTS Imaging • Gallbladder (GB) wall thickening with intramural hyperechoic foci and comet-tail reverberation artifacts • V-shaped comet-tail artifacts from debris in GB wall cystic spaces ○ Twinkling artifacts…

KEY FACTS Imaging • Enlarged, edematous, hypoechoic kidney due to outflow obstruction • Absence or decreased color flow in renal vein at hilum • Patent renal artery early, later renal…

KEY FACTS Imaging • Can be classified as primary (congenital) vs. secondary (acquired) or true (epithelial lined) vs. false (no epithelial lining) ○ Secondary more common than primary (80% vs….

KEY FACTS Terminology • Hemorrhagic collection in perinephric spaces: Subcapsular, perirenal, anterior and posterior pararenal Imaging • Avascular solid or cystic masses in 1 or more perinephric spaces • Echogenicity…

KEY FACTS Terminology • Hemodynamically significant narrowing of renal artery (RA) Imaging • Poststenotic “jet” and turbulent flow on color Doppler ○ Abnormally high peak systolic velocity with angle-corrected spectral…

KEY FACTS Terminology • Gas-forming upper UTI involving renal parenchyma &/or perinephric space Imaging • Highly echogenic areas within renal sinus and parenchyma with “dirty” shadowing • Ring-down artifacts: Air…

KEY FACTS Terminology • Acute necroinflammatory disease of gallbladder (GB) secondary to stasis and ischemia, not related to gallstones Imaging • GB wall thickening (> 4 mm) with layered/striated wall…

KEY FACTS Terminology • Aberrant location of kidney • Separated into multiple categories, of which simple renal ectopia (RE) and crossed-fused ectopia (CFE) are most common Imaging • Absence of…

KEY FACTS Imaging • All tumors (benign and malignant) can have variable appearances, a lot of overlap by US • Benign tumors ○ Hemangioma: #1 benign splenic tumor; typically small,…