Endometrial Polyp
KEY FACTS Terminology • Focal hyperplastic overgrowth of endometrial tissue Imaging • Pedunculated or sessile endometrial lesion, solitary or multiple (20%) • Echogenic lesion during proliferative phase • May be…
ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Holoprosencephaly
KEY FACTS Terminology • Alobar holoprosencephaly (HPE) implies complete or nearly complete lack of cerebral hemisphere separation Imaging • 1st trimester: Absent butterfly sign ○ Both choroids normally seen as…
Jugular Vein Thrombosis
KEY FACTS Terminology • Chronic internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombosis (> 10 days after acute event) where clot persists within lumen after soft tissue inflammation is gone • JV thrombophlebitis:…
Uterine Anomalies
KEY FACTS Terminology • Müllerian duct anomalies (MDA): Series of uterine malformations resulting from abnormal development, fusion, or resorption of müllerian ducts • MDA types ○ Müllerian agenesis or hypoplasia…
Ovarian Metastases Including Krukenberg Tumor
KEY FACTS Terminology • Secondary (metastatic) neoplasms to ovary • Krukenberg tumor: Subtype of metastatic tumors containing > 10% mucin-filled signet cells in cellular stroma • High-stage mucinous tumors involving…
Tubal Ectopic
KEY FACTS Imaging • Classic findings of tubal ectopic pregnancy (EP) ○ No intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) ○ Tubal mass ○ Echogenic fluid in cul-de-sac (peritoneal blood) • Nonspecific adnexal mass…
Ovarian Teratoma
KEY FACTS Terminology • Mature cystic teratoma (MCT) = dermoid cyst • Immature teratoma • Monodermal teratoma in which 1 cell line predominates Imaging • MCTs have variety of appearances…
Absent Cavum Septi Pellucidi
KEY FACTS Top Differential Diagnoses • Agenesis of corpus callosum (ACC) ○ Axial: Teardrop-shaped ventricles (colpocephaly) ○ Coronal: Texas Longhorn frontal horns ○ Sagittal: Loss of anterior cerebral artery branch…
Endometrioma
KEY FACTS Terminology • Endometriosis: Ectopic endometrial glands outside of uterine cavity • Endometrioma: Cystic collection of mixed blood products Imaging • Diffuse low-level internal echoes in 95% ○ Homogeneous…
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
KEY FACTS Terminology • Well-defined histology: Papillary and follicular carcinoma Imaging • Papillary carcinoma (~ 80% of thyroid cancer) ○ Majority are ill-defined with irregular outlines ○ 10-20% multifocal, 70%…
