Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Abstract There are multiple etiologies for fetal growth restriction, and a thorough patient history and physical examination are important to identify risk factors for the current pregnancy and future reproductive…
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
Abstract Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) was first described in the mid-1960s. It was originally called EMG syndrome based on the presence of exomphalos, macroglossia, and gigantism in many cases. There are…
Selective Laser Photocoagulation
Introduction Monochorionic twin gestations are at increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality related to a shared placental circulation. They are uniquely susceptible to the development of twin-twin transfusion syndrome…
Aortic Coarctation
Abstract Aortic coarctation consists of a constriction of the aortic arch that causes some degree of aortic arch hypoplasia. The suspicion of coarctation of the aorta must be raised in…
Common Arterial Trunk
Abstract Common arterial trunk is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by a single great artery connecting both ventricles, responsible for the pulmonary, systemic, and coronary circulation. It is frequently…
Fetal Shunts
Introduction Intrauterine fetal shunts provide continuous drainage of fluid accumulations that are associated with a high risk of death or profound morbidity without decompression. The shunts are flexible plastic catheters…
Radiofrequency Ablation
Introduction The use of radiofrequency energy to create focal thermal tissue injury was first studied in the liver in the early 1990s. In 1996 the first radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedure…
Chorionic Villus Sampling
Abstract Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a procedure in which small samples of placental tissue are obtained for prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidy or for deoxyribonucleic acid analysis. CVS is an…
Chorioangioma
Abstract Chorioangiomas are the most common type of placental tumor and are found in 0.5%-1% of placentas examined at delivery. They are formed by excessive proliferation of blood vessels in…
Cordocentesis and Fetal Transfusion
Abstract Cordocentesis, or percutaneous umbilical blood sampling, is a procedure that can be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The most common indications are isoimmunization and nonimmune hydrops; less…
