Cord Varix
Abstract Umbilical vein varix (UVV) is a rare, idiopathic, focal dilatation of the umbilical vein, either within the intraamniotic portion of the umbilical cord or within the fetal abdomen. On…
Placenta Previa
Abstract Placenta previa is present in approximately 5 in 1000 pregnancies at the time of delivery, with a higher prevalence noted at midgestation. The diagnosis is made by ultrasound, and…
Amniocentesis
Abstract Amniocentesis is a procedure in which a needle is used to transabdominally withdraw amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac. Amniocentesis is most commonly indicated for prenatal diagnosis and for…
Vasa Previa
Abstract Vasa previa occurs when the umbilical vessels course through the membranes within the lower uterine segment over the internal cervical os. There are several known risk factor, including a…
Fetal Macrosomia
Abstract Macrosomia describes a fetus or neonate with excessive growth. Many factors can influence why macrosomia occurs. Regardless of the etiology, this condition represents increased risk to the mother and…
Limb–Body Wall Complex
Abstract Limb–body wall complex (LBWC) refers to a combination of multiple malformations involving the craniofacial structures, thoracoabdominal wall, extremities, and spine. The classic clinical triad of LBWC includes a craniofacial…
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Abstract Gestational trophoblastic disease refers to a spectrum of disorders that results from abnormal proliferation of the trophoblastic epithelium. These include premalignant disorders (hydatidiform moles) and malignant ones (persistent/invasive gestational…
Placenta Circumvallata
Abstract Placenta circumvallate refers to a placental abnormality in which the membranous chorion transitions to a villous chorion in from the placental edges. The prevalence varies due to a lack…
Placenta Accreta
Abstract The rising rates of cesarean delivery in recent years have led to an increase in the diagnosis of placenta accreta, increta, and percreta. A high index of suspicion and…
