Clinical Pencil Beam Scanning: Present and Future Practices
Fig. 7.1 Effect of pencil beam size on the dose distribution. Dose volume histograms (DVH) for the target volume (prostate) and the rectum obtained with different pencil beam size and…
Physical Rationale for Proton Therapy and Elements to Build a Clinical Center
Fig. 5.1 Physical selectivity vs. linear energy transfer (LET) (radiobiological advantage) and cost for different types of beams and techniques (Modified from Raju [2]) While protons are at present rapidly…
Development of Cyclotrons for Proton and Particle Therapy
Fig. 3.1 Basic modular design of particle therapy systems The beam production system is the “engine” of the particle therapy system. It is responsible for the acceleration of particles to…
Radiation Therapy with Protons and Heavy Ions
(9.1)where K = 0.307075 MeV cm2 g−1, z is the charge of the projectile ion, Z/A is the average ratio of the atomic number over the atomic mass of the medium, W…
SFUD, IMPT, and Plan Robustness
Fig. 12.1 Stages of the planning process for PBS: (a) Planning CT, (b) All deliverable BPs, (c) Selected and pre-weighted BPs, (d) Optimized BPs Figure 12.1b shows an initial estimation…
Robustness Quantification and Worst-Case Robust Optimization in Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy
Fig. 10.1 Dose distributions in the transverse plane for a typical base-of-skull patient: The depicted distributions illustrate that the CTV-based robustly optimized plan (panels b, d) is insensitive to uncertainties…
Treatment Planning for Protons: An Essay
Fig. 8.1 Dr Raymond Kjellberg (and assistant) manipulating the stereotactic frame for a proton radiosurgery patient (left). An example dose calculation (not for this patient) shows the dose hand calculation…
Particle Therapy in the Third Millennium: Current Status and Future Outlook
Fig. 2.1 Rapid advancements in photon therapy in the 1980s and 1990s made photon therapy competitive with particle therapy. Comparable progress is needed in particle therapy to realize its highest…
Particle Radiotherapy: An Introduction
Fig. 1.1 Depth dose characteristics of Photons Versus Protons showing the “bargg peak” in protons which is much closer to the ideal beam in external beam radiotherapy. . Much before…
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) or Alternative Fractionation Schedules
where n = number of treatment fractions, d = dose per fraction, and α/β is the ratio of the linear and quadratic components of the cell survival curve ; for…
