Use of Intravascular Ultrasound in Interventional Cardiology
Fig. 4.1 The three-layered appearance of a cross sectional coronary artery as assessed by IVUS. I intima, M media, A adventitia, L lumen, C IVUS catheter There are two different…
Evaluation of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy: From Angiography to Intravascular Ultrasound and Beyond
Fig. 6.1 Several traditional and nontraditional factors are associated with the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy Evaluation The clinical evaluation for CAV is challenging as the development and progression of…
Integration of Biomarkers with Plaque Imaging
Fig. 15.1 A vulnerable patient, characterized by vulnerable blood, vulnerable myocardium, and vulnerable plaque, may be identified by using risk calculators such as Framingham and Reynolds, which include biomarkers. A…
Coronary Calcification: Roles in Risk Prediction and Monitoring Therapies
Stephen J. Nicholls and Tim Crowe (eds.)Contemporary CardiologyImaging Coronary Atherosclerosis201410.1007/978-1-4939-0572-0_11 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 11. Coronary Calcification: Roles in Risk Prediction and Monitoring Therapies Irfan Zeb1 and Matthew J. Budoff1 (1) Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Los…
Evaluation of Medical Therapies and Intravascular Devices with Quantitative Coronary Angiography
Fig. 3.1 Relationship between in-stent loss (ISL) and binary angiographic restenosis (Adapted from Brener SJ, Prasad AJ, Khan Z, Sacchi TJ. The relationship between late lumen loss and restenosis among…
Residual Risk and Biology of the Disease: Implications for Plaque Imaging
Fig. 1.1 Role of LDL, monocyte, macrophage, and chemokines for atherogenesis. ICAM intercellular adhesion molecule, LDL low-density lipoprotein, MCP monocyte chemoattractant protein, MPO myeloperoxidase, sPLA2 secretory phospholipase A2, TNF tumor…
Atherosclerosis Imaging Using Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Fig. 11.1 Multiplanar reformatted targeted three-dimensional T2 preparation echo coronary MRI depicting the right coronary artery (RCA), left main coronary artery (LM), and left circumflex (LCX). The in-plane spatial resolution…
Coronary Atherosclerosis Imaging by Coronary CT Angiography
Fig. 9.1 Prospectively triggered scanning. In this mode there is intermittent table motion, triggered by the ECG R-wave of the oncoming beat. Prospective mode is facilitated by a wider detector…
Noncontrast Cardiac CT for the Detection of Calcified Atherosclerosis
Fig. 8.1 Illustration of an x-ray source with a detector array Scans were acquired in a “step and shoot” mode in which 35–40 continuous gapless slices of 1–3 mm thickness…
Intravascular Ultrasound
Fig. 7.1 Angiographic underestimation of disease. Although angiogram (top) shows only minor luminal irregularities, two sites in the left anterior descending artery (arrows) show major atherosclerosis (below). The entire vessel…
