Joint Injection: Upper Limb KEY FACTS Procedure • Glenohumeral joint injection Anterior (rotator interval) or posterior approach – Anterior approach preferable Less painful & more comfortable position for patient Needle tip positioned…
Bone Infection KEY FACTS Imaging • Periosteal thickening and hyperemia with juxtacortical edema • US can depict outer cortical, periosteal, and extraosseous changes Periosteal thickening ± juxtacortical soft tissue edema and hyperemia…
Rotator Cuff/Biceps Tendinosis KEY FACTS Terminology • Collagenous degeneration of rotator cuff ± biceps tendons with proteoglycan deposition Imaging • Supraspinatus > subscapularis, biceps and infraspinatus • Subclinical tendinosis very common and usually…
Muscle Injury KEY FACTS Terminology • Contusion : Direct blunt compressive trauma to muscle without definable tear • Tear : Discontinuity of muscle fibers typically at myofascial or myotendinous junction • Hernia :…
Baker Cyst KEY FACTS Imaging • Fluid-filled sac with neck arising from interspace between medial gastrocnemius muscle & semimembranosus tendon Cyst must have neck emerging from gastrocnemius muscle and semimembranosus tendon…
Osteoarthritis KEY FACTS Terminology • Osteoarthrosis, osteoarthropathy, degenerative joint disease Imaging • Joint space narrowing, marginal osteophytosis, capsular swelling, synovitis, & effusion are US signs of OA • Most commonly affects knee, hip,…
Bone Tumor KEY FACTS Terminology • Bone tumor: Neoplastic growth of tissue in bone • Benign tumor: Tumor that does not metastasize • Malignant tumor: Tumor that does metastasize • Primary bone tumor: Tumor…
Shoulder Procedures KEY FACTS Preprocedure • Indication Glenohumeral joint aspiration (suspected infection) or injection (contrast for arthrography; adhesive capsulitis symptom relief) Subacromial-subdeltoid (SA-SD) bursal injection (symptom relief) or aspiration (suspected infection)…
Wrist Ultrasound KEY FACTS GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS • Common specific indications are suspected ganglia, joint effusion, synovitis, septic arthritis, tendon disorders, carpal tunnel syndrome • Less common specific indications are Guyon canal syndrome,…
