Neck Injury
Zone 1 Clavicles and suprasternal notch to inferior aspect of cricoid cartilage Zone 2 Cricoid cartilage to angle of mandible Zone 3 Angle of mandible to skullbase Patients with penetrating…
Sepsis of Thoracic Origin
Fig. 24.1 Silhouette sign: Left panel is a normal chest radiograph demonstrating the “silhouette” sign. The mediastinum, heart and diaphragm are sharply delineated against the aerated lung. Frontal (middle) radiograph…
Computed Tomography
Fig. 3.1 (a) Axial image from a CT in an 85 year old female with severe upper abdominal pain and peritonitis in whom chest and plain abdominal radiographs were normal….
Mediastinal Masses
Fig. 23.1 ECG-gated Cardiac CT on a 45 year-old male patient with history of childhood road traffic accident shows an incidental aortic pseudoaneurysm (black star), presumed secondary to previous undetected…
New Onset of Fever and Leukocytosis
Pulmonary Gastrointestinal Genitourinary Miscellaneous Atelectasis Colitis Urinary tract infection Malignancy Pneumonia Obstruction Pyelonephritis Drug reaction Empyema Perforated viscus Renal abscess Deep vein thrombosis Pulmonary embolism Peritonitis Cystitis Sinusitis Cholecystitis Urethritis…
Altered Level of Consciousness
Fig. 17.1 Space-occupying MCA-infarction before (a) and after osteoclastic trepanation (b); space-occupying PICA-infarction at onset (c) and after suboccipital craniectomy (d) Spontaneous intra-cerebral hemorrhage is the cause of 10–15 %…
Persistent Chest Pain
Fig. 22.1 A 60 year-old male, known to have severe peripheral vascular disease with chest pain. There is a focal outpoutching from the aortic arch (arrow) with overhanging edges in…
Cardiogenic and Non-cardiogenic Shock
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) Hibernating or stunned myocardium Mechanical complications of MI Papillary muscle rupture Interventricular septum rupture Left ventricular free wall rupture Acute valvular regurgitation Acute myocarditis Septic cardiomyopathy…
Hypercarbia and Difficulties in Mechanical Ventilation
Physiological reason Clinical condition Abnormally high CO2 production Catabolic state Hypoventilation Unadjusted ventilator settings Drugs Respiratory muscle weakness Reduced respiratory drive Ventilation/perfusion mismatch Lung collapse Atelectasis Pulmonary embolism COPD Alveolar/capillary…
Acute Gastrointestinal Luminal Hemorrhage
Upper GI tract Erosion ulcer Variceal bleeding Mallory-Weiss tear Vascular lesions Neoplasms Lower GI tract Diverticular disease Angiodysplasia Neoplasms Colitis Benign anorectal lesions Imaging Techniques Since endoscopic localization and control…
