Radiology Key

The current classification of vascular anomalies into vascular tumors and vascular malformations and their subtypes has been used by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) since…

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an important worldwide clinical entity. It includes asymptomatic deep venous thrombosis (DVT), symptomatic DVT, and pulmonary embolism (PE). Each year, DVT and PE affect 1 to…

Upper extremity arteries are affected by a myriad of vascular disorders. Atherosclerosis is the most common arterial disease, but other conditions, such as vasculitis, chronic repetitive traumatic injuries, and trauma,…

Noninvasive imaging of the carotid and vertebral arteries is achieved with duplex ultrasonography, computed tomography angiography (CTA), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). This chapter focuses on pearls and pitfalls of…

The pulmonary veins and atria are affected by a variety of congenital and acquired abnormalities. Echocardiography is often the initial modality used in the evaluation of atria and atrial appendages….

Venous insufficiency is defined as retrograde blood flow in the venous system resulting from incompetence of the venous valves. It is the most common pathologic process affecting the venous system….

The aorta, the largest artery in the body, pumps up to 200 million L of blood in an average lifetime. Thoracic aortic diseases range from chronic to acute and have…

The arteries of the lower extremities are commonly affected by atherosclerosis, trauma, and thromboembolism. Advanced vascular disease frequently results in limb loss and decreased life expectancy. In this chapter, key…

Pericardial disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. In general, diseases that affect the pericardium tend to affect it diffusely. Focal disease may be related to masses, cysts,…

The typical challenges a radiologist confront when evaluating a patient with a shunt are to decide the location, type, and size of the defect, as well as rim size and…