The Normal Chest X-Ray: Reading Like the Pros
The keys to reading x-rays well are a good understanding of normal anatomy and an orderly search pattern. This chapter reacquaints you with the normal anatomy and helps you develop…
Understanding the Mediastinum
The mediastinum is the area between the right and left lungs, bounded by the medial-parietal pleura. Mediastinal diseases can be difficult to detect on chest x-ray because most diseases are…
The Radiographic Examination: The Basics
The chest x-ray and computed tomography (CT) are part of every physician’s practice. You should have a basic understanding of the anatomy and pathologic findings visible on these images. In…
Cross-Sectional Imaging Techniques
Three relatively recent imaging techniques, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have greatly improved thoracic imaging. In all conventional x-ray techniques, the x-ray beam passes through…
Fetal Musculoskeletal System
Outline Development of the Fetal Skeleton, 273 Skeletogenesis (Genetics and Embryology), 273 Endochondral Ossification, 273 Intramembranous Ossification, 275 Skeletal Dysplasias, 275 Birth Prevalence and Contribution to Perinatal Mortality, 275 Classification…
Ultrasound Evaluation of Normal Fetal Anatomy
Outline Superficial Anatomy of the Fetus, 161 Musculoskeletal System, 161 Cardiovascular System, 183 Gastrointestinal System, 191 Respiratory System, 197 Genitourinary System, 199 Central Nervous System, 200 Summary of Key Points…
Artifacts, Pitfalls, and Normal Variants
Outline An Unfortunate but Common Pitfall, 1093 Technical Considerations, 1095 Mirror Image Artifact, 1095 Pelvis, Gravid and Nongravid Uterus, 1098 The First Trimester, 1114 The Fetal Head and Neck, 1122…
Fetal Musculoskeletal System
Outline Development of the Fetal Skeleton, 273 Skeletogenesis (Genetics and Embryology), 273 Endochondral Ossification, 273 Intramembranous Ossification, 275 Skeletal Dysplasias, 275 Birth Prevalence and Contribution to Perinatal Mortality, 275 Classification…
Ultrasound Features of Fetal Syndromes
Outline Maternal Infections, 542 Fetal Cytomegalovirus Infection, 542 Fetal Parvovirus B19 Infection, 543 Fetal Rubella Syndrome, 544 Fetal Syphilis, 545 Fetal Toxoplasmosis Syndrome, 546 Fetal Varicella Zoster, 547 Teratogens, 548…
Gynecologic Sonography in the Pediatric and Adolescent Patient
Outline Technique, 1001 Normal Anatomy, 1002 Normal Gonadal and Reproductive Tract Development, 1002 Gonads, 1003 External Genitalia and Reproductive Tract, 1003 Structural Anomalies of the Reproductive Tract, 1004 Ambiguous Genitalia,…
