Abstract Multiple pulmonary nodules are most often metastases from a distant primary tumor, but they must be distinguished from a number of inflammatory and infectious diseases that may cause multiple…

Abstract Multifocal ill-defined opacities most often result from multiple consolidations but must be distinguished from invasive or hemorrhagic tumors. This is not a common appearance for community-acquired pneumonia, but when…

Abstract Diffuse fine nodules are the expected presentation of intravascular dissemination of tuberculosis, which is a life-threatening complication. Perception of the fine nodular opacities is often difficult and may require…

Abstract Fine reticular opacities are reliable evidence of interstitial lung disease that requires consideration of a variety of acute and chronic diseases. Acute interstitial disease is most often the result…

Abstract Coarse reticular opacities are the result of lung destruction caused by retracting fibrosis, which also produces cystic spaces. This combination of coarse reticular opacities and cystic spaces is better…

Abstract Atelectasis is loss of lung volume and a very common observation, with an appearance on the chest x-ray that is often nonspecific, but shift of normal structures may confirm…

Abstract The proximal right and left pulmonary arteries and proximal bronchi account for the appearance of the hila on the chest x-ray, but the arteries are crossed by the pulmonary…

Abstract Middle mediastinal masses are usually recognized by alteration of normal mediastinal contours that may be closely related to the trachea, esophagus, great vessels, and lymph nodes. Lymphadenopathy is a…

Abstract Diffuse bilateral confluent air space opacities with air bronchograms may result from alveolar edema, pneumonia, or hemorrhage. Associated findings such as cardiac enlargement and pleural effusions help confirm the…

Abstract Neural tumors are the most common primary tumors in the posterior mediastinum, but metastases, lymphoma, and primary bone tumors do occur in this location. Vertebral fractures often have associated…