Esophageal Cancer Updated by Sonny Batra BACKGROUND What are the boundaries of the esophagus that divide it into cervical, upper thoracic, midthoracic, and lower thoracic regions? The esophagus spans from…

Neck Management and Postoperative Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancers Updated by Gary V. Walker BACKGROUND What is a radical neck dissection? Radical neck dissection is a procedure that…

Arteriovenous Malformation Updated by Sarah McAvoy BACKGROUND What is the avg age at presentation for arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)? 30 yrs (10–40 yrs). What is the nidus of an AVM? The…

Testicular Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumor Updated by Reid F. Thompson and Thomas J. Guzzo BACKGROUND Approximately how many cases of germ cell tumor (GCT) are diagnosed annually in the U.S.?…

Keloids Updated by Jing Zeng and Michael J. Swartz BACKGROUND What is a keloid? A keloid is a benign fibroproliferative growth resulting from a connective tissue response to a variety…

Uterine Sarcoma Updated by Surbhi Grover BACKGROUND What % of uterine malignancies are sarcomas? Sarcomas account for ∼4% of uterine malignancies. What are the 3 most common histologic subtypes of…

Cervical Cancer Updated by Jing Zeng BACKGROUND What is the annual incidence of cervical cancer in the U.S.? ~12,000 cases/yr of cervical cancer in the U.S. What is the mean…

Thyroid Ophthalmopathy Updated by Randa Tao BACKGROUND What causes thyroid ophthalmopathy (TO)? T-cell lymphocytic infiltration of orbital and periorbital tissues (secondary to autoimmune antibody–mediated reaction against the TSH receptor) Name…

Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Updated by Gary V. Walker BACKGROUND What are the incidence and median age at Dx of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL)? 1,000 cases/yr of…

Meningioma Updated by Mark Edson BACKGROUND What % of all primary CNS tumors do meningiomas account for in adults? 34%. Meningioma is the most common benign 1st-degree CNS tumor. (Central…