Table 16.2 lists examples of tumour nomenclature. In general, the names are built up from one part to describe the tissue type, and another to indicate its behavior. All end…

Table 33.3 shows the National Wilms’ Tumour Study Group (NWTS) staging system for Wilms’ tumour. In 4–8% of cases tumours are bilateral (stage V). Table 33.3 National Wilms’ Tumour Study…

21]) • ISO 9001 Quality management systems – Requirements (last published 2008 [22]) • ISO 9004 Quality management systems – Guidelines for performance improvements (last published 2000 [23], due for…

4] who recognized that a suitable software package in conjunction with a diagnostic CT scanner could be developed that would emulate a conventional radiotherapy simulator. In the early 1980s, the…

Figures evolve 16.7 & 16.8 ). For most of the common tumours, the pathologist divides them into descriptive categories: well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated. Undifferentiated tumours lack sufficient…

Figure 20.27A) present with an erythematous or vascular nodule, which can then ulcerate or go on to form several other nodules. They can metastasize early and wide surgical excision is…

Figure 20.28A–C). These tumours develop slowly, but patients are at risk of developing a second malignancy, often non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Most patients are treated with relatively low doses of radiotherapy, such…

Figure evolve 33.1 ). Patients are immobilized in a head shell and treated with lateral-opposed 4–6   MV megavoltage fields which may be centred on outer canthus to minimize divergence into the…

Table 15.1. The striking feature is the high proportion due to dietary factors and to smoking (30% each). Changing dietary habits could potentially reduce the risk of cancer, possibly by…

Figure 20.29A, B). Figure 20.29 Skin appendage tumours. (A) A sebaceous naevus with an associated basal cell carcinoma. (B) A multiple cylindroma, with a typically non-characteristic appearance. Sebaceous carcinoma is…