Fig. 20.1 Photodynamic diagnosis system. An endoscopic photodynamic diagnosis system comprising a straightforward telescope, light source, and a video camera system Photosensitive Substance PDD imaging systems were recently improved to…

Fig. 35.1 (a) Exposed abdominal cavity with xenon light source, no auto-fluorescence is detected, ureters are not visible. (b) After an average of 8 min (subjects were evaluated in the…

Fig. 34.1 Imaging setup: The imaging instrumentation consists of the following parts: LED light source (left), filter1 for filtering out wavelengths over 800 nm, the object of imaging (bottom), operation…

Agent Wavelength (in nm) Porfimer sodium (Photofrin) 630 2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinylpyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) 665 Temoporfin (m-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin, Foscan) 652 Talaporfin (mono-(L)-aspartylchlorin-e6, NPe6) 664 Endobronchial Lung Cancer Photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment of non-small lung cancer…

Fig. 13.1 Near-infrared imaging system. PhotoDynamic Eye has a single monochrome charge-coupled device (CCD) and outputs grayscale images (a). HyperEye Medical System has a single CCD which has red, green,…

Fig. 8.1 The earliest working prototype, dubbed “Gen-1” and referred to as the Spy-Scope Fig. 8.2 The Pinpoint System was commercially launched in January 2012 as the Pinpoint “Gen-2” Fig….

Fig. 15.1 Typical fluorescence imaging appearance of hepatocellular carcinoma. (a) Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging of a resected specimen showing uniform (total) intra-lesion emission pattern (left panel). Resected specimen contained grayish-white…

Fig. 17.1 Intraoperative ICG fluorescence liver imaging technique shows bright signals in the primary HCC nodule (arrowheads). White broken lines show the planned resection line of liver. (a) A photograph…

Fig. 12.1 (a) ICG-Fluorescence imaging visualized the extrahepatic bile ducts in the hepatoduodenal ligament. (b) After ligation and division of the right hepatic artery and the right portal vein, ICG-fluorescence…

Fig. 3.1 Current methodology contains multiple possibilities of failure to accurately assess margin status. Pre-resection: The initial incision is based upon the surgeons’ best assessment of the tumor margins, however…