Background Personalized medicine is yielding increasingly precise treatment and prevention strategies for groups of individuals based on their genetic makeup, environment, and lifestyle, as enabled by approaches including genomics, transcriptomics,…

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a widely applied quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach to characterize tissue microstructure throughout the body. In addition to quantifying the amount of water diffusion…

Before the development of mammography, the detection of abnormalities in the breast was largely based on visual inspection and palpation. This has dramatically changed in the last half of the…

List of Abbreviations ADC apparent diffusion coefficient BI-RADS Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System BPS background parenchymal signal DCE dynamic contrast-enhanced DCIS ductal carcinoma in situ DWIST Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance…

Preoperative, or neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), in which systemic therapy is administered before surgery, is used to downstage primary breast cancers while reducing the risk of recurrence. NAC often results in…

The normal breast tissue undergoes marked alterations in size, shape, and function in response to the onset of puberty, pregnancy, lactation, and menopause. Both endogenous (early menarche, older age at…

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms originating from the epithelial cells lining the milk ducts. This heterogeneity has been observed in histology for a long time and formed…

The concept of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) emerged in the mid-1980s, together with the first images of water molecular diffusion in the human brain, as a way to probe…

The Need for Reducing Unnecessary Biopsies in Breast MRI Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast—referred to as standard breast MRI throughout this chapter—is considered the most…