Ultra-High Field Spinal Cord Imaging
Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the human spinal cord in vivo suffers from multiple practical limitations: low signal-to-noise ratio, the need for high resolution, and the detrimental influence of…
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Acute Spinal Cord Injury and Prognosis
Abstract Prior to the widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the diagnosis of acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) was largely based on clinical history, physical examination, plain film…
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Chronic Spinal Cord Injury and Recovery
Abstract The introduction of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the field of spinal cord injury (SCI) has vastly improved the diagnosis of injury level and severity as well as the…
Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases
Abstract The spinal cord is commonly affected in inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDD) of the central nervous system. In the most common IDD, multiple sclerosis (MS), the importance of spinal cord…
Rationale for Quantitative MRI of the Human Spinal Cord and Clinical Applications
Abstract In vivo spinal cord imaging is now commonly used to diagnose patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Quantitative MRI (qMRI) techniques applied to the spinal cord show promise for predicting prognosis…
Artifacts
8Artifacts Introduction Phase Mismapping Aliasing Chemical Shift Artifact Out-of-Phase Signal Cancellation Magnetic Susceptibility Artifact Truncation Artifact Cross-Excitation/Cross-Talk Zipper Artifact Shading Artifact MoirÉ Artifact Magic Angle Equipment Faults Flow Artifacts Flow-Dependent…
Gradient-echo pulse sequences
4Gradient-echo pulse sequences Introduction Variable flip angle Gradient rephasing Weighting in gradient-echo pulse sequences Coherent or rewound gradient-echo Incoherent or spoiled gradient-echo Reverse-echo gradient-echo Balanced gradient-echo Fast gradient-echo Echo planar…
Protocol optimization
7Protocol optimization Introduction Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR) Spatial Resolution Scan Time Trade-Offs Protocol Development and Modification After reading this chapter, you will be able to: Discuss factors that…
Instrumentation
9Instrumentation Introduction Magnetism Scanner Configurations Magnet System Magnet Shielding Shim System Gradient System RF System Patient Transport System Computer System and Graphical User Interface After reading this chapter, you will…