Introduction Based on data collected from several central cancer registries during the years 2007-2011, the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) estimates that 67,900 new cases of…

Protocol Management and Optimization Protocols are the turn-by-turn instructions that allow the computed tomography (CT) operator to get from point A—registering the patient on the scanner from the order in…

Introduction The old adage that “children are not young adults” is certainly true when evaluating pediatric head and neck lesions. The differential diagnosis of neck masses differs compared to masses…

Anatomy and Embryology Meninges The meninges, which form the coverings of the brain and spinal cord, develop from the meninx primitiva. The neural tube is surrounded by this dense cellular…

Embryology and Development of Temporal Bone The ear consists of three major components, the external, middle, and internal ear. Embryologically the ear has a dual development with development of the…

Imaging of the larynx is a challenge. Motion is a constant problem because breathing and swallowing are very difficult to control, particularly in patients with lesions that impinge on the…

Introduction The pharynx is a fibromuscular tube situated directly anterior to the vertebral column. It extends from the skull base to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage. It comprises…

Introduction Acute and chronic low back pain is a ubiquitous complaint encountered by primary care physicians throughout the United States, accounting for the second most common symptomatic reason for office…

Imaging Options and Protocols Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the primary imaging modalities for assessment of the paranasal sinuses. Both these imaging techniques are far superior…

Anatomy of the Brain The advent of high-resolution computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners has allowed the fine anatomic structure to be seen in detail. In this…