Introduction Intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) using pencil beam scanning (PBS) technology is advancing rapidly for delivering precise and more conformal doses to target volumes while sparing surrounding normal and critical…
Introduction The potential of physical characteristics of protons for cancer treatments was first recognized by Wilson in 1946. During the following four decades or so, proton accelerators at various physics…
Introduction Radiotherapy is used as one of the major treatment modalities for patients with malignant diseases at different disease stages. Currently, the most common radiation choice for the majority of…
Section 3 Trauma to Uncompromised Spine Cases Subsection 3ATypically Stable 16Simple Compression Fracture Hrvoje Vavro 17Occipital Condyle Fractures Russel Chapin and Hrvoje Vavro 18C1 Lateral Mass Fracture Doris Dodig 19Isolated…
Subsection 3C Soft Tissue Injuries Case 34 Spinal Cord Injury Vikas Agarwal and Abhay Varma Figure 34.1 Midsagittal T2w (SE) (A) and T2*w (GRE) (B) MR images shows traumatic subluxation…
Section 6 Trauma to Compromised Spine Cases 53Malignant Compression Fractures Alessandro Cianfoni 54Benign Compression Fractures Alessandro Cianfoni 55Sacral Stress (Insufficiency) Fractures Daniela Distefano 56Fractures of the Ankylosed Spine Russel Chapin…
Section 5 Specifics of Pediatric Spinal Trauma Cases 46Pediatric Cervical Spine Measurements and Pitfalls Alisa Sumkin and Giulio Zuccoli 47Spinal Cord Injury without Radiographic Abnormalities in Children Orrie Close and…
Section 4 Thoracolumbar Trauma Classification Cases 43TLICS Scoring and Compression/Burst Injury Vikas Agarwal and Russel Chapin 44TLICS Translation or Rotation Injury Russel Chapin and Zoran Rumboldt 45TLICS Distraction Injury Russel…
Subsection 3B Typically Unstable Case 26 Jefferson Burst Fractures of the Atlas Russel Chapin Figure 26.1 A) Axial CT image shows fractures of the right anterior arch (arrowhead) and bilateral…
Section 1 Normal Variants and Mimickers Cases 1Vascular Channels (Grooves) and Normal Clefts Zoran Rumboldt 2Pars Defects Eytan Raz and Zoran Rumboldt 3Unfused Arches of C1 Russel Chapin 4Ponticulus Posticus…
