Introduction Numerous planning studies demonstrate superior dosimetry for proton radiotherapy compared with photon-based radiotherapy for breast cancers of all stages, even compared with intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Protons can reduce dose to…

Introduction For both primary and metastatic brain tumors, radiation therapy (RT) remains one of the standard treatment modalities. Although RT techniques using photons have greatly improved in recent decades, substantial…

Introduction Intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) using pencil beam scanning (PBS) technology is advancing rapidly for delivering precise and more conformal doses to target volumes while sparing surrounding normal and critical…

Introduction In radiation oncology, “clinical commissioning,” or simply “commissioning,” refers to the process that takes place after a machine has passed acceptance tests but before the first patient can be…

Introduction The potential of physical characteristics of protons for cancer treatments was first recognized by Wilson in 1946. During the following four decades or so, proton accelerators at various physics…

Introduction Radiotherapy is used as one of the major treatment modalities for patients with malignant diseases at different disease stages. Currently, the most common radiation choice for the majority of…

Introduction Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies, accounting for approximately 234,000 new cases and 160,000 deaths per year in the United States. Treatment for lung cancer depends…

Introduction As early as the 1970s, proton therapy was considered a promising treatment for hematologic malignancies, specifically for use in total nodal irradiation, the historic standard of care treatment for…

Introduction Sarcomas are a rare and heterogenous group of malignant tumors that arise from soft tissues or bone. They constitute less than 1% of all adult malignancies and approximately 12%…