Abstract Multiple indications exist for use of the biophysical profile (BPP) in antepartum surveillance. The BPP is usually initiated only after 32 weeks for patients at risk of stillbirth, including…

Abstract Immune hydrops is fetal hydrops resulting from the passage of maternal antibodies into the fetal compartment causing fetal anemia and subsequent hydrops. This disease process can affect both the…

Abstract Preterm birth affects 15 million babies per year and leads to significant newborn morbidity and mortality. A short cervix is the strongest clinical risk factor for predicting preterm birth….

Abstract Nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) encompasses all causes of fetal hydrops that are not caused by the passage of maternal antibodies into the fetal compartment. Secondary to the decreasing prevalence…

Abstract Cystic hygroma (CH) is a relatively common malformation of the lymphatic system. It is important for clinicians to be familiar with the condition because it is one of the…

Abstract Amniotic fluid is necessary for normal development of the fetal respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, and musculoskeletal systems. Oligohydramnios, a reduced amount of amniotic fluid, complicates 0.5% to 8% of pregnancies….

Abstract Polyhydramnios is an excessive amount of amniotic fluid, occurring in 1% of pregnant women. It can be defined by an absolute value or a gestational age–specific value utilizing single…

Abstract There are multiple etiologies for fetal growth restriction, and a thorough patient history and physical examination are important to identify risk factors for the current pregnancy and future reproductive…

Abstract Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) was first described in the mid-1960s. It was originally called EMG syndrome based on the presence of exomphalos, macroglossia, and gigantism in many cases. There are…

Introduction Monochorionic twin gestations are at increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality related to a shared placental circulation. They are uniquely susceptible to the development of twin-twin transfusion syndrome…