Abstract Aortic coarctation consists of a constriction of the aortic arch that causes some degree of aortic arch hypoplasia. The suspicion of coarctation of the aorta must be raised in…

Abstract Common arterial trunk is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by a single great artery connecting both ventricles, responsible for the pulmonary, systemic, and coronary circulation. It is frequently…

Introduction Intrauterine fetal shunts provide continuous drainage of fluid accumulations that are associated with a high risk of death or profound morbidity without decompression. The shunts are flexible plastic catheters…

Introduction The use of radiofrequency energy to create focal thermal tissue injury was first studied in the liver in the early 1990s. In 1996 the first radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedure…

Abstract Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a procedure in which small samples of placental tissue are obtained for prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidy or for deoxyribonucleic acid analysis. CVS is an…

Abstract Chorioangiomas are the most common type of placental tumor and are found in 0.5%-1% of placentas examined at delivery. They are formed by excessive proliferation of blood vessels in…

Abstract Cordocentesis, or percutaneous umbilical blood sampling, is a procedure that can be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The most common indications are isoimmunization and nonimmune hydrops; less…

Abstract Umbilical vein varix (UVV) is a rare, idiopathic, focal dilatation of the umbilical vein, either within the intraamniotic portion of the umbilical cord or within the fetal abdomen. On…

Abstract Placenta previa is present in approximately 5 in 1000 pregnancies at the time of delivery, with a higher prevalence noted at midgestation. The diagnosis is made by ultrasound, and…

Abstract Amniocentesis is a procedure in which a needle is used to transabdominally withdraw amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac. Amniocentesis is most commonly indicated for prenatal diagnosis and for…