HIFU for Palliative Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer
Stage T N M Median Survival, months Description IA T1 N0 M0 24.1 Tumor limited to the pancreas, ≤2 cm in greatest dimension, resectable IB T2 N0 M0 20.6 Tumor…
ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Sonodynamic Therapy: Concept, Mechanism and Application to Cancer Treatment
Fig. 22.1 Jablonski diagram outlining the photochemical processes involved in PDT Upon absorption (ABS) of light energy by the sensitizer, an electron is promoted from the singlet ground state (S0)…
Drug and Gene Delivery using Sonoporation for Cardiovascular Disease
Fig. 18.1 The representative cascade of events involved in sonoporation for gene therapy is as follows. Externally applied acoustic energy disrupts the intravascular acoustic microspheres, generating transient porosity within the…
MR-Guided Transcranial Focused Ultrasound
Fig. 6.1 The skull bone. A complex medium for transcranial ultrasonic propagation Sound speed within the skull bone ranges between 1500 m/s in the liquid phase of porous regions, and…
Heat-Based Tumor Ablation: Role of the Immune Response
Methods Energy conduction Ablation volume Energy delivery Imaging guidance Ablation time (min) Ablation expense HIFU Heat cavitation Conformal ablation No tumor size limitation Transcutaneous No probe insertion Ultrasound MRI 30–120…
Obstetrics/Gynecology
Fig. 7.1 Left—Curvilinear probe with orientation marker out of field of view. Right—Curvilinear probe with the orientation marker on the lateral side Fig. 7.2 Left—For the transverse plane, the marker…
Pediatrics
Fig. 9.1 Approach to ultrasound examination of a young child. The examiner is positioned sitting on the stretcher on the same side as the ultrasound machine, so that the probe…
Musculoskeletal
Fig. 6.1 The patient sits on an exam table at a comfortable height for both patient and clinician. The ultrasound machine can be on the same side of the area…
