KEY FACTS Terminology • Cloaca is single cavity present in early embryonic development when bladder, genital tract, and bowel are all connected • Spectrum of abnormal anatomy is related to…

KEY FACTS Imaging • Dilated, fluid-filled loops of bowel progressively enlarge ○ Triple bubble for proximal jejunal atresia ○ Sausage-shaped bowel loops • Normal small bowel < 7-mm diameter •…

KEY FACTS Terminology • Esophagus atresia (EA) often associated with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) Imaging • Small or absent stomach bubble ○ Often difficult to define when stomach is “small” ○…

KEY FACTS Terminology • Failure of closure of lower abdominal wall resulting in exposed bladder Imaging • Inability to demonstrate fluid-filled bladder • Soft tissue mass/nodular contour of lower anterior…

KEY FACTS Terminology • Lethal malformation characterized by attachment of viscera to placenta with short or absent umbilical cord Imaging • Gross distortion with complete loss of anatomic landmarks •…

KEY FACTS Terminology • Membrane-covered midline abdominal wall defect with herniation of abdominal contents into base of cord Imaging • Liver + small bowel is most common type (large defects)…

KEY FACTS Terminology • Bowel herniates through right-sided abdominal wall defect next to normal umbilical cord insertion site • Newborn classification of gastroschisis ○ Simple: Isolated, no other bowel anomalies…

KEY FACTS Terminology • Cleft lip (CL) occurs ± cleft palate (CP) ○ > 80% of fetuses with CL also have CP • Variable classifications, best to be descriptive about…

KEY FACTS Terminology • Cystic lymphatic disorder involving back and side of neck causing multiseptated fluid-filled mass Imaging • Cystic hygroma (CH) is typically large ○ Multiple internal septations is…

EMBRYOLOGY Bowel Development • Gastrointestinal (GI) tract forms from 1 straight tube ○ Foregut : Forms esophagus, stomach, and duodenum ○ Midgut : Small intestine and colon up to splenic…