Adrenal Hemorrhage
KEY FACTS Imaging • Unilateral or bilateral, round or oval, well-defined mass • Variable echogenicity depending on stage of hemorrhage • Variable appearance depending on age of hemorrhage • US:…
ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor
KEY FACTS Terminology • Group of ovarian tumors arising from either embryonic sex cords or mesenchyme ○ Fibroma, thecoma, fibrothecoma ○ Granulosa cell tumor ○ Sertoli-Leydig tumor (androblastoma) ○ Sclerosing…
Adrenal Carcinoma
KEY FACTS Terminology • Adrenal carcinoma • Synonyms : Adrenocortical carcinoma; adrenal cancer • Definition : Rare, aggressive tumor arising from adrenal cortex, often with local invasion and distant metastases…
Complete Hydatidiform Mole
KEY FACTS Terminology • Trophoblastic proliferation without fetus Imaging • Classic 2nd-trimester findings described as “Swiss cheese” or “cluster of grapes” endometrium ○ No fetus or embryo ○ Increased vascularity…
Carotid Artery Dissection in Neck
KEY FACTS Terminology • Carotid artery dissection (CAD): Tear in carotid artery wall allows blood to enter and delaminate wall layers Imaging • Extracranial internal CAD (ICAD) > > intracranial…
Myelolipoma
KEY FACTS Terminology • Definition: Rare benign tumor consisting of macroscopic fat interspersed with hematopoietic elements Imaging • Appearance varies depending on admixture of fatty and myeloid soft tissue components…
Diverticulitis
KEY FACTS Terminology • Diverticulum: Focal sac-like outpouching off colon • Diverticulosis: Presence of uncomplicated diverticula • Diverticulitis: Inflammation of colonic diverticulum Imaging • Diverticulosis with adjacent inflamed echogenic pericolic…
Complex Renal Cyst
KEY FACTS Terminology • Benign, fluid-filled nonneoplastic renal lesion not meeting criteria of simple renal cyst, Bosniak classes II, IIF, and III Imaging • Round, oval, or irregular-shaped anechoic lesion…
Choroid Plexus Cyst
KEY FACTS Terminology • Choroid plexus cysts (CPC) are unilocular cysts usually located in the posterior thick portion of choroid plexus Imaging • CPC are most often incidental isolated findings…
Cephalocele
KEY FACTS Terminology • Defect in skull with protrusion of intracranial structures ○ Encephalocele: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain tissue, and meninges ○ Meningocele: Meninges and CSF Imaging • Bony defect…
