ANOMALIES OF THE CEREBELLUM
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen KEY POINTS A wide variety of congenital anomalies can affect the cerebellum. The antenatal findings overlap among different pathologies and normal variants. Consequently, a specific…
ULTRASONOGRAPHY
ANOMALIES OF VENTRAL INDUCTION
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen KEY POINTS Anomalies of ventral induction of the fetal brain include a group of conditions that share in common an anomalous process of cleavage of…
VERTEBRAL ANOMALIES
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen KEY POINTS Sonographic evaluation of the vertebral column and the spine is a requirement of almost all governing bodies. Starting the 13th postmenstrual weeks it…
INTRAUTERINE INFECTIONS AFFECTING THE BRAIN
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen KEY POINTS Depending on geographic factors, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and toxoplasmosis are the more frequent intrauterine infections (IUIs). The pattern of brain involvement in CMV-IUI may…
METABOLIC DISORDERS
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen KEY POINTS Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are rare disorders, most of them only present after delivery. Several IEMs may affect the fetus, producing congenital…
MISCELLANEOUS ABNORMALITIES
12.1 AMNIOTIC BAND SYNDROME Print Section Listen EPIDEMIOLOGY/GENETICS Definition Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) is a rare spectrum of congenital anomalies caused by entanglement of fetal parts, or disruption of anatomic…
INFECTIONS
9.1 CYTOMEGALIC INCLUSION DISEASE Print Section Listen EPIDEMIOLOGY/GENETICS Definition Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a large, enveloped DNA herpesvirus. Adult infection is frequently asymptomatic, but fetal infection may cause severe damage to…
PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRAIN
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen KEY POINTS The embryonic period (the first 8 postfertilizational weeks) is subdivided into 23 morphological stages, which, because they are based on internal as well…
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES OF ABNORMAL IN UTERO SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS
ABDOMEN Print Section Listen Note: Items in bold represent most common diagnosis. ABDOMINAL CYST OR FLUID COLLECTION Dilated bladder Dilated bowel Hydroureter Ovarian cyst (in females) Renal cystic lesions, particularly…
