Gastric Ulcer
Sharply defined mucosal defect (ulcer); smooth, even, radiating folds to edge of ulcer crater Projects beyond expected contour of stomach (on upper GI and CT imaging) Usually on lesser curve,…
Sigmoid Volvulus
Midline; directed toward RUQ or LUQ; elevation of hemidiaphragm • Diagnosis: Abdominal radiography, water-soluble contrast enema, CT Coronal reformatted CT is especially useful in diagnosis Abdominal radiographs: Supine, upright, prone, and…
Abdominal Incision and Injection Sites
Usually result from injection of subcutaneous heparin, self-injection of insulin, etc. Low-density nodules associated with ectopic gas or fluid • Injection or incision site hematoma or seroma May be misinterpreted as…
Rectal Carcinoma
Extracolonic tumor extension: Irregular external (serosal) margin of rectum Strands of soft tissue extending from serosal surface into perirectal fat Loss of tissue fat planes between rectum and surrounding muscles…
Gastric Polyps
Hyperplastic, adenomatous, and hamartomatous • Fundic gland polyps: Now most common type Associated with use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medication Sometimes considered a variant of hyperplastic polyps • Hyperplastic polyps Virtually…
Gastric Bezoar
Phytobezoar: Undigested vegetable matter – Persimmons contain tannin, which coagulates on contact with gastric acid Trichobezoars: Accumulated, matted mass of hair – Most common in young girls Lactobezoar: Undigested milk concretions (infants)…
Traumatic Diaphragmatic Rupture
Discontinuity of hemidiaphragm with focal defect (segmental diaphragmatic defect) Dangling diaphragm sign: Free edge of torn diaphragm curls inward on axial images rather than continuing its normal course parallel to chest…
Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis
XGC cannot be confidently distinguished from gallbladder carcinoma radiologically • CT: GB wall may be focally or diffusely thickened Low-attenuation intramural nodules and bands (corresponding to foamy cell infiltrate and abscesses)…
Duodenal Polyps
Single, lobulated or cauliflower-like surface • Hyperplastic polyps Multiple, small, sessile polyps of uniform size • Hamartomas: Cluster of broad-based polyps Can occur as part of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome More common are hamartomas…
Sclerosing Mesenteritis
Misty mesentery: Increased attenuation of mesentery with fat stranding and induration Thin (usually < 3 mm) pseudocapsule encasing inflamed mesentery (tumoral pseudocapsule sign) Cluster of mildly enlarged mesenteric nodes Usually located…
