Imaging Approach to the Esophagus

Nov 16, 2016 by in GASTROINTESTINAL IMAGING Comments Off on Imaging Approach to the Esophagus

(Left) Graphic shows the nasopharynx (A, purple, base of skull to palate), oropharynx (B, blue, palate to base of epiglottis), hypopharynx, (C, green, epiglottis to cricopharyngeus), and esophagus (D, below…

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Biliary Metastases and Lymphoma

Nov 16, 2016 by in GASTROINTESTINAL IMAGING Comments Off on Biliary Metastases and Lymphoma

 CT: Usually polyploid enhancing nodule or mass within GB lumen, but may appear as focal mural thickening  MR: Melanoma classically hyperintense on T1WI and hypointense on T2WI  US: Immobile polypoid mass…

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Venoocclusive Disease

Nov 16, 2016 by in GASTROINTESTINAL IMAGING Comments Off on Venoocclusive Disease

 Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT)  Graft vs. host disease (GVHD) IMAGING • Sensitivity and specificity of imaging findings are low (overlap those of GVHD) • Ultrasound provides suggestive evidence of VOD; helps exclude…

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Traumatic Abdominal Wall Hernia

Nov 16, 2016 by in GASTROINTESTINAL IMAGING Comments Off on Traumatic Abdominal Wall Hernia

 High-energy injuries: Motor vehicle accidents constitute ∼ 50% of cases, with seat belts increasing risk – “High-riding” seat belt incorrectly placed over abdomen increases risk (muscle avulsion from iliac crest) – Other…

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Brunner Gland Hyperplasia

Nov 16, 2016 by in GASTROINTESTINAL IMAGING Comments Off on Brunner Gland Hyperplasia

 Upper GI barium study and endoscopic US • Diffuse type (Brunner gland hyperplasia)  Multiple, small, submucosal nodules < 5 mm in proximal duodenum  “Cobblestone” or “strawberry” appearance • Solitary type (Brunner gland…

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SMA Syndrome

Nov 16, 2016 by in GASTROINTESTINAL IMAGING Comments Off on SMA Syndrome

 Reformat in sagittal plane to see aorta and SMA • Antiperistaltic flow of barium proximal to obstruction • Relief of obstruction in prone, knee-chest, or left lateral decubitus positions TOP DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES…

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Undifferentiated Sarcoma

Nov 16, 2016 by in GASTROINTESTINAL IMAGING Comments Off on Undifferentiated Sarcoma

 Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma • Definition  Primary malignant tumor of liver composed of primitive mesenchymal cells with partial, divergent differentiation IMAGING • Large, encapsulated, spherical mass • May have peripheral rim of viable, hypervascular…

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Mesenteric Adenitis and Enteritis

Nov 16, 2016 by in GASTROINTESTINAL IMAGING Comments Off on Mesenteric Adenitis and Enteritis

 Mesenteric adenopathy is often much more evident on coronal-reformatted CT • Ileal ± cecal wall thickening, sometimes with regional ileus  Mucosal hyperenhancement, submucosal edema • Normal-appearing appendix TOP DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES • Appendicitis • Crohn…

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Malabsorption Conditions

Nov 16, 2016 by in GASTROINTESTINAL IMAGING Comments Off on Malabsorption Conditions

 Chronic pancreatitis, cholestasis, ileal resection • Malabsorption at mucosal level  Celiac disease, Crohn, tropical sprue  Short bowel, cystic fibrosis  Eosinophilic gastroenteritis, Whipple disease  Amyloidosis, hypogammaglobulinemia, mastocytosis • Malassimilation  Primary and secondary lymphangiectasia…

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Esophageal Webs

Nov 16, 2016 by in GASTROINTESTINAL IMAGING Comments Off on Esophageal Webs

 Lacks muscle layer (unlike distal esophageal A and B rings) IMAGING • Full column barium esophagram with rapid-sequence filming or have patient swallow small marshmallow followed by barium • Appearance: 1-2 mm…

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