Biliary Metastases and Lymphoma
CT: Usually polyploid enhancing nodule or mass within GB lumen, but may appear as focal mural thickening MR: Melanoma classically hyperintense on T1WI and hypointense on T2WI US: Immobile polypoid mass…
Venoocclusive Disease
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) Graft vs. host disease (GVHD) IMAGING • Sensitivity and specificity of imaging findings are low (overlap those of GVHD) • Ultrasound provides suggestive evidence of VOD; helps exclude…
Traumatic Abdominal Wall Hernia
High-energy injuries: Motor vehicle accidents constitute ∼ 50% of cases, with seat belts increasing risk – “High-riding” seat belt incorrectly placed over abdomen increases risk (muscle avulsion from iliac crest) – Other…
Brunner Gland Hyperplasia
Upper GI barium study and endoscopic US • Diffuse type (Brunner gland hyperplasia) Multiple, small, submucosal nodules < 5 mm in proximal duodenum “Cobblestone” or “strawberry” appearance • Solitary type (Brunner gland…
SMA Syndrome
Reformat in sagittal plane to see aorta and SMA • Antiperistaltic flow of barium proximal to obstruction • Relief of obstruction in prone, knee-chest, or left lateral decubitus positions TOP DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES…
Undifferentiated Sarcoma
Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma • Definition Primary malignant tumor of liver composed of primitive mesenchymal cells with partial, divergent differentiation IMAGING • Large, encapsulated, spherical mass • May have peripheral rim of viable, hypervascular…
Mesenteric Adenitis and Enteritis
Mesenteric adenopathy is often much more evident on coronal-reformatted CT • Ileal ± cecal wall thickening, sometimes with regional ileus Mucosal hyperenhancement, submucosal edema • Normal-appearing appendix TOP DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES • Appendicitis • Crohn…
Malabsorption Conditions
Chronic pancreatitis, cholestasis, ileal resection • Malabsorption at mucosal level Celiac disease, Crohn, tropical sprue Short bowel, cystic fibrosis Eosinophilic gastroenteritis, Whipple disease Amyloidosis, hypogammaglobulinemia, mastocytosis • Malassimilation Primary and secondary lymphangiectasia…
Esophageal Webs
Lacks muscle layer (unlike distal esophageal A and B rings) IMAGING • Full column barium esophagram with rapid-sequence filming or have patient swallow small marshmallow followed by barium • Appearance: 1-2 mm…
Small Bowel NSAID Stricture
Multiple short-segment annular strictures ± partial SB obstruction Strictures may resemble normal plicae circulares on enteroclysis • CT findings Strictures: Short segmental narrowing of lumen with dilation of bowel upstream Mucosal…
