Radiology Key

Nerve Sheath Tumors KEY FACTS Terminology • Tumor arising from nerve; histologically classified as either schwannoma or neurofibroma • 3 types of neurofibroma: Localized, diffuse, and plexiform Imaging • Any peripheral nerve can…

Ganglion Cyst KEY FACTS Imaging • Fluid-filled mass with stalk extending toward joint • Ovoid or irregular configuration with stalk connecting to joint of origin  Elongated neck allows cyst to surface at…

Bursitis KEY FACTS Terminology • Bursitis: Inflammation of lining of bursa Imaging • Majority of bursae are not visible on US unless distended with fluid or proliferative synovial tissue • Acute bursitis: Thin-walled…

Inflammatory Arthritis KEY FACTS Terminology • Systemic autoimmune inflammatory disorders of synovium with secondary involvement of articular surface and bone • Spondyloarthropathy associated with enthesitis Imaging • Thickened hyperemic synovium • Any synovial-lined joint…

Joint Injection: Upper Limb KEY FACTS Procedure • Glenohumeral joint injection  Anterior (rotator interval) or posterior approach – Anterior approach preferable  Less painful & more comfortable position for patient  Needle tip positioned…

Bone Infection KEY FACTS Imaging • Periosteal thickening and hyperemia with juxtacortical edema • US can depict outer cortical, periosteal, and extraosseous changes  Periosteal thickening  ± juxtacortical soft tissue edema and hyperemia…

Rotator Cuff/Biceps Tendinosis KEY FACTS Terminology • Collagenous degeneration of rotator cuff ± biceps tendons with proteoglycan deposition Imaging • Supraspinatus > subscapularis, biceps and infraspinatus • Subclinical tendinosis very common and usually…

Muscle Injury KEY FACTS Terminology • Contusion : Direct blunt compressive trauma to muscle without definable tear • Tear : Discontinuity of muscle fibers typically at myofascial or myotendinous junction • Hernia :…

Baker Cyst KEY FACTS Imaging • Fluid-filled sac with neck arising from interspace between medial gastrocnemius muscle & semimembranosus tendon  Cyst must have neck emerging from gastrocnemius muscle and semimembranosus tendon…

Osteoarthritis KEY FACTS Terminology • Osteoarthrosis, osteoarthropathy, degenerative joint disease Imaging • Joint space narrowing, marginal osteophytosis, capsular swelling, synovitis, & effusion are US signs of OA • Most commonly affects knee, hip,…