Ankle Ultrasound KEY FACTS GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS • Common specific indications: Ligament tear, tendon disorders, and suspected joint infection and inflammation • Less common specific indications: Suspected tarsal tunnel syndrome, impingement, and ganglia…
Tenosynovitis KEY FACTS Imaging • Occurs only in tendons encased by synovium • Distension of tenosynovium (tendon sheath) due to fluid or synovitis with variable tendon swelling • Acute exudative tenosynovitis Usually due…
Fat Injury KEY FACTS Terminology • Focal inflammation ± necrosis ± atrophy of subcutaneous fat Imaging • Variable appearances depending on chronicity of lesion • Earlier stages Localized mild swelling and increased echogenicity…
Plantar Fasciitis and Fibromatosis KEY FACTS Terminology • Plantar fascia = multilayered fibrous aponeurosis, 1-2 mm thick, with medial, central, and lateral bands Imaging • Plantar fasciitis Thickened plantar fascial insertion, especially…
Joint Injection: Lower Limb KEY FACTS Procedure • Hip joint injection Usually anterior approach – Longitudinal method: Preferred Needle tip positioned on “bare area” at head-neck junction – Transverse approach Needle tip positioned…
Hand and Wrist Procedures KEY FACTS Preprocedure • Indication Aspiration of joint fluid Intraarticular injection of medication or contrast agent Percutaneous therapy of ganglion cyst, tendon disease, trigger finger, carpal tunnel…
Hip and Pelvis Procedures KEY FACTS Procedure • Hip or sacroiliac (SI) joint injection or aspiration US-guided joint injection more efficient than fluoroscopic-guided joint injection For hip, anterior longitudinal approach usually…
Foreign Body and Injection Granuloma KEY FACTS Terminology • Foreign body (FB): Retention of penetrating or iatrogenic object within tissues • Injection granuloma (IG): Localized tissue reaction to material injected into tissues…
Local Tumor Recurrence KEY FACTS Terminology • Local recurrence of tumor following initial planned complete tumor resection If original tumor was not completely resected, this is residual tumor rather than recurrence…
Abdominal Wall Hernia KEY FACTS Clinical Issues • Tissue protruding though defect in abdominal wall Most abdominal wall hernias are point specific • Midline hernias Epigastric: Usually small Umbilical: In children Paraumbilical:…
