Fig. 3.1 Sixty-one-year-old female with carotid stenosis. In TOF images proton dephasation occurs at the site of stenosis causing intraluminal loss of signal simulating focal occlusion. Contrast-enhanced images demonstrate lumen…
Fig. 9.1 Sequential imaging of bilateral carotid artery stenosis. TOF depicts the area of luminal narrowing. Axial slices depict the full extent of the atherosclerotic process, including expansive remodeling. The…
Fig. 7.1 A typical histological section of a vulnerable carotid plaque It has been accepted that both plaque morphology and biomechanical environment of the plaques influence their vulnerability [57]. The…
Fig. 1.1 (a) Ultrasonographic morphology of the normal arterial wall with quantification of the intima–media thickness (IMT). (b) Increased IMT with destruction of the normal artery morphology Fig. 1.2 Progression…
where c is the concentration of GBCM. The observed relaxivities R1,2 can be thought of as the sum of an intrinsic relaxivity (i.e., the true tissue T1 and T2) and…
Luca Saba, João Miguel Sanches, Luís Mendes Pedro and Jasjit S. Suri (eds.)Multi-Modality Atherosclerosis Imaging and Diagnosis201410.1007/978-1-4614-7425-8_20© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2014 20. Relationship Between Plaque Echogenicity and Atherosclerosis Biomarkers John D. Kakisis1 , Efthimios Avgerinos1, Nikolaos Kadoglou1, George Sfyroeras1, Konstantinos Moulakakis1 and Christos D. Liapis1…
Histology Carotid ultrasound Major Echolucency (low gray-scale median) Thickness of the fibrous cap Thickness of the echogenic cap Large inflammatory cells infiltrate Surface irregularity/ulceration Superficial erosion or fissure Proximity of…
Fig. 10.1 Measuring the degree of luminal narrowing using the NASCET method involves measuring the minimal residual lumen diameter at the level of maximal stenosis (double arrow), measuring the lumen…
Description Thrombosis Non-atherosclerotic intimal lesions Intimal thickening Normal accumulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the intima in the absence of lipid or macrophage foam cells Absent Intimal xanthoma…
