Techniques of Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting
Carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) is an alternative technique to restore a normal lumen for patients who are at high risk for adverse effects with carotid endarterectomy (CEA). CAS has…
Endovascular Treatment of Vertebral Artery–Origin and Innominate/Subclavian Disease: Indications and Technique
Approximately 20% to 40% of patients who have cerebral vascular disease have a vertebral artery–origin stenosis. Atherosclerotic lesions of vertebral arety origin are a potential cause of posterior circulation ischemia,…
Angioplasty and Stenting for Atherosclerotic Intracranial Stenosis: Rationale for a Randomized Clinical Trial
Atherosclerotic disease of the major intracranial arteries is a frequent cause of stroke. In addition, many patients who have symptomatic intracranial stenosis are at very high risk for recurrent stroke….
Technique for Intracranial Balloon and Stent-Assisted Angioplasty for Atherosclerotic Stenosis
Dilation of stenoses of the major intracranial arteries is now technically possible in many cases. Using proper precautions, most procedures can be performed without complications today, but the safety margin…
Extracranial Stenosis: Endovascular Treatment
Stroke is the third-leading cause of death in the United States. It occurs in almost 700,000 people per year and cost an estimated $57.9 billion in 2006. Atherosclerotic disease is…
Chronic Ischemia and Neurocognition
Cognitive impairment from a major stroke as a consequence of carotid disease is an acknowledged clinical outcome; however, cognitive impairment without major stroke is open to discussion. The three recognized…
Mechanisms of Ischemic Stroke Secondary to Large Artery Atherosclerotic Disease
Atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the cervical and intracranial arteries leads to ischemic stroke through two separate, but interrelated, mechanisms: local thrombosis or embolism from atherosclerotic plaque, and hemodynamic failure (low…
Pathology of Atherosclerosis and Stenting
Atherosclerotic plaque at the carotid bifurcation is the primary cause of ischemic strokes and the degree of carotid stenosis is strongly associated with stroke risk in symptomatic patients. Stroke is…
