Radiology Key

  I ACUTE (<24 HOURS) MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY INFARCT, COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY   KEY FACTS     Cerebral strokes are third most common cause of death in the United States; mortality with each…

  NASOPHARYNGEAL MASSES   KEY FACTS     Most common tumors: squamous cell carcinoma (>80%), adenocarcinoma, minor salivary gland tumors, and lymphoma.     It is not clear if tobacco and alcohol use…

  ASTROCYTOMA, LOW GRADE   KEY FACTS     Account for 10% to 30% of cerebral gliomas in adults.     Histologically, low-grade astrocytomas are fibrillary (diffuse), and over 80% eventually degenerate to…

  MENINGITIS (UNCOMPLICATED)   KEY FACTS     Common causative organisms include Escherichia coli (E. coli) and streptococcus group B (newborns), Hemophilus (H. influenzae) (children <7 years), Neisseria (N. meningitides) (older children…

  PERSISTENT HYPERPLASTIC PRIMARY VITREOUS   KEY FACTS    Refers to a persistent, hyperplastic, embryonic hyaloid vascular system; patients may also have seizures, hearing loss, mental deficiencies, and cataracts.    Persistent…

  AQUEDUCTAL STENOSIS   KEY FACTS     Accounts for 20% ofallhydrocephalus cases; generally presents in infancy but may manifest at any time.     This spectrum of disorders includes congenital narrowing of…

  VERTEBRAL METASTASES   KEY FACTS    Vertebral métastases occur in 5% to 10% of all cancer patients, especially those with primary tumors in the breast, prostate, uterus, and lung; myeloma;…

  PANTOTHENATE KINASE DEFICIENCY (HALLERVORDEN-SPATZ SYNDROME)   KEY FACTS     Rare autosomal recessive disorder (abnormal gene: 20pl3); deficiency of pantothenate kinase leading to accumulation of cysteine, free radicals, and iron deposition….

  ANNULAR FISSURES   KEY FACTS     Most are found in the lumbar spine of middle-aged and older adults but may occur at any age.     They are seen as small…

  CHOANAL NARROWING   KEY FACTS    Can be of two types: stenosis and atresia (note: severe stenosis behaves clinically like atresia), further subdivided into bony or soft tissue (plugs); for…