Congenital Malformations
MYELOMENINGOCELE AND MYELOCELE KEY FACTS Myelomeningocele and myelocele are both midline bone defects through which meninges and/ or neural placode (unfolded spinal cord) are visible; most discovered by…
Leukodystrophies
ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY KEY FACTS Most important peroxisomal disorder which is characterized by very long-chain fatty acids that are not metabolized and are elevated in serum and other body fluids….
Vascular Disorders
SPINAL CORD CAVERNOUS MALFORMATION KEY FACTS Histologically, cavernous malformations are composed of dilated vascular sinusoids devoid of smooth muscle and elastic fibers; there are no normal intervening neural…
Nontraumatic Hemorrhage
ACUTE HYPERTENSIVE HEMORRHAGES KEY FACTS The most common etiologies for all intracerebral hemorrhage include hypertension, ruptured aneurysm or vascular malformation, venous thrombosis, amyloidosis (in patients over 60 years…
Sample Dictations
NORMAL DICTATIONS Here you will find the most commonly used normal dictations (“macros”) at my hospital. They are only provided as guidelines and should be adjusted to different practices…
Medications in Neuroradiology
MEDICATIONS FOR CONTRAST MEDIA REACTIONS 1. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) This antihistaminic produces relief of minor allergic reactions but induces drowsiness and anticholin-ergic effects (therefore, do not use in cases…
MRI Protocols
BRAIN WITHOUT AND WITH CONTRAST #SL, number of slices; PH DIR, phase direction; FOV, field of view in millimeters; THK, slice thickness in millimeters; TR, repetition time in…
CT Protocols
BRAIN WITHOUT CONTRAST Purpose: Evaluation of subdural hematoma, epidural hematoma, stroke, bleed, headaches, initial workup of acute or changing dementia, mental status changes, fractures, trauma, shunt malfunction, new onset…
Sedation and Anxiolysis Protocols
CONSCIOUS SEDATION PREPROCEDURAL AND INTRAPROCEDURAL CARE At our institution, conscious sedation is administered by either two registered nurses or anesthesia technologists under the supervision of a physician. The…
Digital Subtraction Angiography Protocols
GENERAL GUIDELINES 1. The persons performing the procedure should review the patient’s chart and familiarize themselves with his/her problems. Particular attention should be paid to prior noninvasive neurovascular studies…
