THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
6.1 ANAL ATRESIA Print Section Listen EPIDEMIOLOGY/GENETICS Definition Anal atresia is the congenital absence of an anal opening. Epidemiology Occurrence is 1 5000 births (M3:F2). Embryology Anal atresia results from…
THE FETAL EYE
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen KEY POINTS A fetal neuroscan is not complete without a thorough examination of the orbits, the eyes, and their surroundings. Malformations of the eyes can…
INTRAUTERINE INSULTS: FETAL STROKE AND DESTRUCTIVE PROCESSES
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen KEY POINTS Many congenital anomalies of the brain do not derive from abnormal embryogenesis but are the consequence of destructive processes that may occur any…
CRANIOFACIAL ANOMALIES
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen KEY POINTS The most frequent craniofacial malformations are facial clefts. Different varieties exist. These conditions can be corrected surgically with good results. However, they are…
BIOMETRY OF THE FETAL BRAIN
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Prenatal diagnosis should be instituted accurately and early enough to achieve an excellent level of care of the obstetric patient. Ultrasonography, with its increasingly better resolution…
MALFORMATIONS OF CORTICAL DEVELOPMENT
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen KEY POINTS Proliferation, neuronal migration, and organization occur relatively late in pregnancy and do not end until after delivery. Malformations of cortical development (MCD) may…
NECK AND FACE
7.1 CLEFT LIP AND PALATE Print Section Listen EPIDEMIOLOGY/GENETICS Definition A facial cleft involving the upper lip or palate, usually occurring to the left or right of midline, the cleft…
TUMORS OF THE BRAIN
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen KEY POINTS Fetal brain tumors are rare and usually diagnosed only in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy or even only after delivery. Most types have…
FETAL CEREBRAL CIRCULATION
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen KEY POINTS Data collected from Doppler velocity recordings using both spectral and color Doppler mode confirm the fundamental aspects of the fetoplacental circulation. Changes in…
