Etiology Since the recognition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection as the cause of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the 1980s, many changes have occurred in the demographics, complications,…
Etiology Lung cancer arises when cells lining the bronchi or peripheral airways undergo neoplastic change in response to an inciting agent or agents. The most common and well-recognized cause of…
Schemes for Staging The most widely used scheme for staging non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the TNM classification. A variety of alterations in this scheme have been made to…
Overview Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic recurrent contagious infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis is an aerobic, nonmotile, non–spore-forming rod that is highly resistant to…
Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Inflammatory pseudotumor, also known as inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, is a quasineoplastic lesion that clinically and radiologically tends to mimic a malignant neoplasm and that histologically consists…
Neuroendocrine Hyperplasia and Pulmonary Tumorlets Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Normal lung tissue contains scattered neuroendocrine (Kulchitsky) cells within the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium. These cells play a role in the…
Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Pulmonary hamartomas are benign neoplasms, probably derived from bronchial wall mesenchymal cells. Hamartomas are the most common benign pulmonary neoplasm and account for about 8% of…
A variety of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMB) can cause pulmonary infections, with important differences in epidemiology, microbiology, host response, and treatment options across the various species. The severity of an infection…
