Technical Basics of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging 3.1 Echocardiography Hashim Abdul-Khaliq Matthias Gutberlet 3.1.1 Introduction Echocardiography, which was introduced in the 1950s, leverages the physical characteristics of ultrasound. Echocardiography1 uses…
Standard Values and Formulas Hashim Abdul-Khaliq Petra Böttler Samir Sarikouch 5.1 Preliminary Remarks This chapter is intended only to provide a brief overview of common standard values tables. The fundamental…
Surgical Treatment for Congenital Heart Defects 2.1 Fundamentals of Surgical Treatment Martin Kostelka Farhad Bakhtiary Friedrich Wilhelm Mohr 2.1.1 Evolution of Congenital Heart Surgery The first successful surgical interventions for…
Cardiogenesis and Classification of Congenital Heart Defects Eberhard Kuenzel Wolfgang Schmidt† 1.1 Cardiogenesis A firm basis of knowledge regarding the regular morphogenesis of the heart and cardiac-adjacent vascular system (normogenesis)…
Nerve Sheath Tumors KEY FACTS Terminology • Tumor arising from nerve; histologically classified as either schwannoma or neurofibroma • 3 types of neurofibroma: Localized, diffuse, and plexiform Imaging • Any peripheral nerve can…
Ganglion Cyst KEY FACTS Imaging • Fluid-filled mass with stalk extending toward joint • Ovoid or irregular configuration with stalk connecting to joint of origin Elongated neck allows cyst to surface at…
Inflammatory Arthritis KEY FACTS Terminology • Systemic autoimmune inflammatory disorders of synovium with secondary involvement of articular surface and bone • Spondyloarthropathy associated with enthesitis Imaging • Thickened hyperemic synovium • Any synovial-lined joint…
Joint Injection: Upper Limb KEY FACTS Procedure • Glenohumeral joint injection Anterior (rotator interval) or posterior approach – Anterior approach preferable Less painful & more comfortable position for patient Needle tip positioned…
Bone Infection KEY FACTS Imaging • Periosteal thickening and hyperemia with juxtacortical edema • US can depict outer cortical, periosteal, and extraosseous changes Periosteal thickening ± juxtacortical soft tissue edema and hyperemia…
