Doppler in Fetal Echocardiography
IN FETALECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 7 INTRODUCTION Color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound was introduced to clinical practice about two decades ago and its clinical application in fetal echocardiography was quickly…
Great Vessels
THE PULMONARY ARTERY The pulmonary artery (main pulmonary artery, pulmonary trunk) arises from the right ventricle in the anterior aspect of the heart. It crosses over…
Heterotaxy, Left Atrial Isomerism, Right Atrial Isomerism, and Situs Inversus
ISOMERISM, RIGHT ATRIALISOMERISM, AND SITUS INVERSUS 22 FETAL HETEROTAXY WITH LEFT ATRIAL ISOMERISM AND RIGHT ATRIAL ISOMERISM Definition, Terminology, and Incidence The embryologic development of abdominal…
Anatomic Landmarks of the Fetal Heart
OF THE FETALHEART FETAL VISCERAL SITUS The first step in the ultrasonographic evaluation of the fetal heart is the assessment of the fetal visceral situs (laterality of…
Vascular interventions
(a) Micropuncture introducer. (b) Angiocatheter. (c) Potts–Cournand needle. (d) Single-wall access needle. Angiographic catheters should be available in sizes ranging from 3 French (usually 40 to 65 cm), to 5…
Abdominopelvic interventions
(a) Due to the location of this surgically created gastrostomy in the proximal fundus, the transgastric jejunostomy tube became coiled in the gastric lumen. Because the stoma is directed toward…
Central venous access
(a) This transesophageal echocardiogram demonstrates the structures that form the inferior margin of the superior vena cava (svc) in the right atrium (ra), including the crista dividens (remnant of the…
Genitourinary interventions
Figure 6.1 The kidney is contained in a tough, fibrous capsule. The relationships of the renal fossa and surrounding structures are illustrated. (a) psoas fascia, (b) renal hilum, (c) renal…
Thoracic interventions
(a) Chiba echo-tip needle (Cook Medical). (b) Yueh centesis sheathed needle (Cook Medical). (c) TFE sheathed needle with trocar stylet (Cook Medical). Figure 3.2 (a) 5 French drainage catheter. (b)…
Hepatobiliary interventions
(a) A dilated duct was identified with US just superficial to a portal vein. In this image, the 22-gauge needle (arrowhead) is advanced into the dilated duct. (b) Initial cholangiographic…
