Intracoronary Imaging for PCI Planning and Stent Optimization
Reference vessel diameter (mm) MLA (mm2) Sensitivity (%) Specificity (%) IVUS <3.0 <2.4 63 67 3.0–3.5 <2.7 58 75 >3.5 <3.6 57 71 OCT ≥3.0 1.95 82 63 <3.0 1.62…
Coronary Flow Resistance and Reserve
Fig. 6.1 Pressure, resistance, and response to metabolites of epicardial coronary arteries, arterioles, and the microvasculature (From Camici and Crea [2] with permission) (a) Resistance arteries (100–400 μm) (pre-arterioles): these…
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Rakesh C. Navuluri • Brian Funaki Approximately 100,000 cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding require inpatient admission annually in the United States. When medical management and endoscopic therapy are inadequate, endovascular…
Hemoptysis
Miguel A. De Gregorio • Alicia Laborda Massive hemoptysis, also known as life-threatening hemoptysis, is a serious, critical condition that necessitates urgent assessment and treatment of the patient. Despite advances…
Varicocele
Raj Ayyagari • Jeffrey S. Pollak BACKGROUND Pathophysiology By far the most common genitourinary venous pathologic entity that lends itself to embolization therapy is the varicocele, an abnormal and often…
Hepatopancreatic Disease
Ricardo Yamada • Christopher Hannegan • J. Bayne Selby • Marcelo Guimaraes Cellular therapy has been used since late 1950s, when transplantation of hematopoietic cells was performed by E. Donnall…
Peripheral Vascular Malformations
Jose Luiz Orlando • Francisco Ramos • Bruno C. Odisio Peripheral vascular malformations arise as a result of a focal vascular differentiation embryologic failure leading to an abnormal development of…
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Michael Bret Anderson Lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is defined by intraluminal bleeding distal to the ligament of Treitz (the suspensory ligament of the duodenum composed of a band of smooth…
Splenic and Gastrointestinal Aneurysms
Daniel C. Brown • Constantino S. Peña • James F. Benenati BACKGROUND Visceral abdominal aneurysms (VAAs) are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all arterial aneurysms, but can be…
Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration
Luke R. Wilkins • Wael E. Saad Gastric and esophageal varices can have multiple etiologies. Most (90%) patients have underlying cirrhosis and portal hypertension. This patient population has a 30%…
