Fig. 12.1 Cellular and architectural microscopic morphology of the normal aortic valve (Adapted from Rajamannan et al. [23]) 12.4.3 μOCT Imaging of Aortic Valves Investigation of heart valve calcification has…
Fig. 2.1 Images obtained by mechanical 3-D acquisition. The top panel represents 3-D imaging of a plaque phantom with corresponding x-, y-, and z-plane sample acquisitions at the plaque level….
Fig. 1.1 Leukocyte adhesion cascade. Leukocytes are attracted by chemokines and recruited by activated endothelial cells. Leukocyte rolling is mediated by selectins, activation is mediated by chemokines, and arrest is…
Fig. 9.1 Structure and function of the aortic valve. (a) Pressure generated in the left ventricle during systolic contraction forces the aortic valve leaflets into the aorta, allowing blood to…
Fig. 4.1 Stable and unstable human coronary artery atherosclerotic plaque histopathology. Example cross-sectional photomicrographs from human coronary artery autopsy specimens with mild to severe luminal stenosis demonstrating plaque rupture, prototypical…
Interventions Dose (mg) Active comparator Follow-upmonths ∆LDL-C(%) ∆HDL-C(%) Target vessels Referencenumber Simvastatin 5–20 Diet management 3 −29.5 +14.9 Aorta, carotid arteries [19] Atorvastatin 20 Atorvastatin 5 mg 6 −38.5 +13.5…
Fig. 11.1 Normal trileaflet aortic valve in parasternal long-axis view (a) and parasternal short-axis view (b). Severe calcific aortic valve disease is shown at the bottom panels (c, d) from…
Fig. 8.1 Types of fluorescent imaging agents 8.3.2 Fluorescent Protein Information about various biological processes and functions (e.g., specific cell types, enzymatic reactions, molecule distribution) can be directly obtained…
Fig. 6.1 Representations of well-characterized oxidation-specific epitopes and antibodies. Oxidation-specific antibodies recognize protein and lipid epitopes on oxidized LDL (OxLDL). These epitopes include malondialdehyde (MDA), phosphocholine-containing oxidized phospholipids (PC-OxPL), and…
Method Advantages Disadvantages Epifluorescence Fast Poor axial and lateral resolution Lower photobleaching than confocal Limited to thin tissues Limited control of excitation wavelength Spinning disk confocal (SDCM) Fast Low excitation…
