Adrenal Glands
Anatomy The left adrenal gland is located anteromedial to the upper pole of the left kidney. The right adrenal gland is located at a slightly higher level (see ▶ Fig….
FDG PET/CT: Normal Variants, Artefacts and Pitfalls in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Malignancies
Fig. 5.1 Poor FDG concentrating cholangiocarcinomas. Axial CT and fused PET/CT images shows a diffusely infiltrative type of cholangiocarcinoma showing low-grade FDG uptake (arrows in a, b). Axial CT and…
Hepatic Malignancies and FDG PET/CT
Fig. 6.1 Patient with HCC involving the right lobe of the liver as seen by the irregular hypodense lesion on the coronal section of CECT images (a) involving seg IV/VIII/VII…
PET/CT in Gall Bladder and Biliary Tract Malignancies
Fig. 8.1 51-year-old lady with suspected gall bladder cancer. 18F–FDG PET/CT shows hypermetabolic mass with maxSUV 13.4 involving the fundus and body of the gall bladder (arrow in a–c). Histopathology…
Radiological Imaging in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Malignancies
Fig. 4.1 HCC: (a, b) contrast-enhanced CT reveals arterially enhancing lesion in the lateral segment, i.e. segment III (a), and wash out on porto-venous phases (b). On MRI (c–e), a…
Pathology of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer
Fig. 2.1 Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the gall bladder. (a) Tumour invades the gall bladder adventitia and is close to liver parenchyma (low power). (b) High-power view of adenocarcinoma Squamous…
Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Malignancies: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Staging
Hepatitis B viral infection Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection Hereditary hemochromatosis Chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis Aflatoxin Contaminated drinking water Betel nut chewing Tobacco and alcohol abuse Diabetes mellitus Nonalcoholic…
PET/CT in Pancreatic Malignancies
Fig. 7.1 FDG PET/CT in staging of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: MIP image (a) shows large area of tracer concentration in the mid-abdomen with focal tracer uptake in the liver. Axial PET/CT…
Management of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Malignancies
Parameter Points assigned 1 2 3 Ascites Absent Slight Moderate Bilirubin <2 mg/dL 2–3 mg/dL >3 mg/dL Albumin >3.5 g/dL 2.8–3.5 g/dL <2.8 g/dL Prothrombin time (seconds over control) (INR)…
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