Fig. 23.1 (a) Schematic view of a simplistic workflow model of imaging infrastructure by separating the workflow of diagnostic procedures blue arrows and image-guided surgery procedure red arrows. (b) MedModel…
Fig. 59.1 References to guided liver surgery in PubMed and Google Scholar since 1983 Given that the term Image-Guided Neurosurgery appeared in 1989 [1] and the first commercial guidance system…
Fig. 49.1 Example of CT-based navigational feedback. This screenshot shows a CT-based navigation during pedicle screw placement (Courtesy of BrainLAB AG, Munich, Germany) VOs may be acquired at two points…
Anatomy Year Reference Intracranial tumor resection 1993 [4] Spinal pedicle screw placement 1995 [5] Hip replacement surgery 1998 [6] Bronchoscopy 2001 [7] Craniomaxillofacial surgery 2010 [8] Heart and coronary arteries…
Fig. 51.1 Potential UKA placement errors that can occur in coronal plane Appropriate patient selection and well-designed, accurately implanted prosthetic components have proven to be critical. It is proposed that…
Fig. 50.1 A typical setup for navigation using a C-arm is shown. The therapeutic object is positioned on the operating table, and dynamic reference bases (DRB) are affixed. The C-arm…
Fig. 35.1 Brain deformation. After removal of an intraventricular lesion, the brain surface collapses and opens the view onto the frontal skull base. Note the bridging veins, tethering portions of…
Fig. 58.1 Electromagnetic (EM) position sensors are attached to the head of the endoscope, and a tracker system is used to provide position and orientation signals to the computer. These…
Intrinsic parameters Camera calibration Focal length f c Optical center in the image plane c c Distortion parameters (radial and tangential) k c Extrinsic parameters Hand-eye calibration Orientation w.r.t. world…
Fig. 16.1 Historical overview of development of optical imaging into the clinic. The first contrast agents were used by Moore et al. between 1940 and 1950. Other milestones of optical…
