Fig. 17.1 Space-occupying MCA-infarction before (a) and after osteoclastic trepanation (b); space-occupying PICA-infarction at onset (c) and after suboccipital craniectomy (d) Spontaneous intra-cerebral hemorrhage is the cause of 10–15 %…
Fig. 22.1 A 60 year-old male, known to have severe peripheral vascular disease with chest pain. There is a focal outpoutching from the aortic arch (arrow) with overhanging edges in…
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) Hibernating or stunned myocardium Mechanical complications of MI Papillary muscle rupture Interventricular septum rupture Left ventricular free wall rupture Acute valvular regurgitation Acute myocarditis Septic cardiomyopathy…
Physiological reason Clinical condition Abnormally high CO2 production Catabolic state Hypoventilation Unadjusted ventilator settings Drugs Respiratory muscle weakness Reduced respiratory drive Ventilation/perfusion mismatch Lung collapse Atelectasis Pulmonary embolism COPD Alveolar/capillary…
Upper GI tract Erosion ulcer Variceal bleeding Mallory-Weiss tear Vascular lesions Neoplasms Lower GI tract Diverticular disease Angiodysplasia Neoplasms Colitis Benign anorectal lesions Imaging Techniques Since endoscopic localization and control…
Neurovascular Ischemic stroke Hemorrhage (traumatic or non-traumatic) Subarachnoid Intracerebral (hemorrhagic stroke, contusion) Subdural Arteriovenous malformation Cortical vein thrombosis Dural venous sinus thrombosis Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy…
Fig. 30.1 Longitudinal transabdominal ultrasound image of the right upper quadrant shows hypoechoic hemorrhage (arrows) anterior to the liver and in the hepatorenal fossa. Hyperdense acute hemorrhage (open arrow) is…
Coma No motor response to painful stimuli (e.g., pressure on supraorbital nerve, painful stimulus to nail bed or sternum) Absent brainstem reflexes Pupils mid-size or dilated, no response to bright…
Fig. 2.1 Measurement of the ovary, with a sonographic window provided by the full bladder Different types of probes operate at different frequencies. The human ear can detect sound from…
Fig. 27.1 Abdominal ultrasound in a 34-year-old male with history of Crohn’s disease and enterocutaneous fistula in the mid-abdomen. This patient presented with new drainage of pus from a new…
