Foot Ultrasound KEY FACTS GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS • Common specific indications: Suspected plantar fasciitis and fibroma, Morton neuroma, ganglia, osteoarthritis, gout, and other joint disorders • Less common specific indications: Suspected ligament injury,…
Hyperechoic Muscle Mass DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common • Intermuscular Lipoma • Intramuscular Lipoma • Muscle Edema • Vascular Malformation • Hematoma Less Common • Foreign Body • Soft Tissue Sarcoma • Muscle Metastases • Local Recurrence • Fibromatosis • Peripheral Nerve Sheath…
Soft Tissue Sarcoma KEY FACTS Terminology • Malignant tumor arising from connective (mesenchymal) tissue other than bone Imaging • Large, heterogeneous, hypoechoic mass Vast majority are located in deep (subfascial) tissues • Most…
Cystic Soft Tissue Mass DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common • Ganglion Cyst • Bursal Distension Less Common • Abscess • Hematoma • Seroma • Baker Cyst • Dermoid/Implantation Dermoid • Parameniscal Cyst • Metastasis • Vascular Anomaly • Lymphatic Malformation • Fat Necrosis • Schwannoma…
Parameniscal Cyst KEY FACTS Imaging • Cystic mass in continuity with horizontal meniscal tear Medial parameniscal cyst slightly more common than lateral parameniscal cyst • Meniscal tear forces synovial fluid or mucoid…
Chest Wall Lesion DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common • Acute Rib Fracture • Healing Rib Fracture • Rib Metastases Less Common • Chest Wall Metastases • Hematoma • Lipoma • Elastofibroma Dorsi • Fibroma • Carcinoma, Male Breast • Gynecomastia • Accessory Breast…
Hypoechoic Subcutaneous Mass DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common • Lipoma • Vascular Anomaly • Epidermoid Cyst • Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Less Common • Vascular Leiomyoma • Pilomatricoma • Fibroma • Glomus Tumor • Lymph Node • Hematoma • Abscess • Fat Necrosis • Rheumatoid…
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome KEY FACTS Terminology • Entrapment neuropathy of tibial nerve and its branches (medial, lateral plantar nerves) on medial aspect of ankle Many causes of tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS)…
Elbow Procedures KEY FACTS Preprocedure • Indication Intraarticular aspiration of joint fluid or injection of contrast or medication Tendinosis or ligament injury treatment (dry needling, steroid injection, prolotherapy, autologous blood injection,…
Elbow Epicondylitis KEY FACTS Terminology • Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis), golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis) Imaging • Thickening, hypoechogenicity, fibrillar disruption ± hyperemia of common extensor tendon origin (CETO) or common flexor tendon…
